Abstract：
Waterborne organisms in marine water generally originate from untreated wastewater discharged into the sea. The presence of numerous leisure beaches in Mahmoudabad city, Iran, annually attracts thousands of tourists from all over the country to participate in recreational swimming activities. This study probabilistically characterized the health risks associated with recreational swimming engendered by waterborne pathogens, such as intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 15 sampling points along the beaches of the study using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). The mean annual infection risk of E. coli in children and adults was 0.424 and 0.229, respectively. The respective risk in terms of enterococci was 0.999 and 0.997, which were higher than the level recommended by the WHO and EPA. The results show that the risk of infection for children was higher than adults. Related authorities have to consider measures to improve environmental quality to protect tourists\' and residents\' well-being.
摘要：
海水中的水性生物通常源自排放到海洋中的未经处理的废水。Mahmoudabad市众多休闲海滩的存在，伊朗,每年吸引成千上万来自全国各地的游客参加休闲游泳活动。这项研究从概率上表征了与水传播病原体引起的休闲游泳相关的健康风险，如肠球菌和大肠杆菌(E.大肠杆菌）在研究海滩沿线的15个采样点使用定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）。儿童和成人大肠杆菌的平均年感染风险分别为0.424和0.229。肠球菌的风险分别为0.999和0.997，高于WHO和EPA建议的水平。结果表明，儿童感染的风险高于成人。相关部门必须考虑采取措施改善环境质量，以保护游客和居民的福祉。
