Abstract：
Natural sciences provide several modern methodologies that could be successfully applied in archaeological studies. In this pilot study, archaeological human remains from two Iron Age cemeteries (7th-twelfth centuries AD), Lejasbitēni and Čunkāni-Dreņģeri, which are located in different regions of Latvia, were studied. We applied ancient DNA (aDNA) and tooth enamel peptide analysis to determine the biological sex of the individuals. In addition, aDNA analysis was used to perform mtDNA haplogroup analysis. In most cases, the results of aDNA analysis regarding the biological sex of individuals coincided with the gender assigned based on grave orientation and grave goods. The results of sex determination using peptide analysis in all four individuals for whom data were available matched the possible gender. Of the 17 samples that had sufficient DNA for sequencing, seven samples had enough reads to perform mtDNA haplogroup analysis. The H2a2a, I4a1, H2a2a1, and H16c mtDNA haplogroups were identified in the individuals from the Lejasbitēni cemetery, while the T2b and K1a + 150 mtDNA haplogroups were identified in the individuals from the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri cemetery. Overall, the obtained results demonstrated the feasibility of applying aDNA and tooth enamel peptide analysis for biological sex determination within archaeological studies. The availability of human aDNA data will be highly useful for investigating the demographic history and social structures in Iron Age Latvia.
摘要：
自然科学提供了几种可以成功应用于考古研究的现代方法。在这项试点研究中，来自两个铁器时代墓地（公元7-12世纪）的考古人类遗骸，Lejasbit460ni和cunkāni-Dreieri,它们位于拉脱维亚的不同地区，被研究过。我们应用古代DNA（aDNA）和牙釉质肽分析来确定个体的生物学性别。此外,aDNA分析用于进行mtDNA单倍群分析。在大多数情况下,关于个体生物学性别的aDNA分析结果与基于严重取向和严重物品分配的性别一致。在所有四个可获得数据的个体中使用肽分析进行性别确定的结果与可能的性别相匹配。在17个有足够DNA进行测序的样本中，七个样本有足够的读数来进行mtDNA单倍群分析。H2a2a,I4a1，H2a2a1和H16cmtDNA单倍群在Lejasbitñni公墓的个体中被鉴定出来，而T2b和K1a+150mtDNA单倍群是在采安卡尼-Dreeri公墓的个体中发现的。总的来说,获得的结果证明了在考古研究中应用aDNA和牙釉质肽分析进行生物学性别确定的可行性。人类aDNA数据的可用性对于调查铁器时代拉脱维亚的人口历史和社会结构非常有用。
