Abstract：
Cetacean poxviruses (CePVs) cause \'tattoo\' skin lesions in small and large cetaceans worldwide. Although the disease has been known for decades, genomic data for these poxviruses are very limited, with the exception of CePV-Tursiops aduncus, which was completely sequenced in 2020. Using a newly developed pan-pox real-time PCR system targeting a conserved nucleotide sequence located within the Monkeypox virus D6R gene, we rapidly detected the CePV genome in typical skin lesions collected from two Peruvian common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) by-caught off Peru in 1993. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequencing of the DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase genes showed that the two viruses are very closely related to each other, although the dolphins they infected pertained to different ecotypes. The poxviruses described in this study belong to CePV-1, a heterogeneous clade that infects many species of dolphins (Delphinidae) and porpoises (Phocoenidae). Among this clade, the T. truncatus CePVs from Peru were more related to the viruses infecting Delphinidae than to those detected in Phocoenidae. This is the first time that CePVs were identified in free-ranging odontocetes from the Eastern Pacific, surprisingly in 30-year-old samples. These data further suggest a close and long-standing pathogen-host co-evolution, resulting in different lineages of CePVs.
摘要：
鲸类痘病毒（CePV）在全球范围内的小型和大型鲸类动物中引起“纹身”皮肤病变。虽然这种疾病已经知道了几十年，这些痘病毒的基因组数据非常有限，除了CePV-Tursiopsaduncus，这在2020年被完全测序。使用新开发的泛痘病毒实时PCR系统，靶向位于猴痘病毒D6R基因内的保守核苷酸序列，我们在1993年从秘鲁捕获的两只秘鲁普通宽吻海豚（Tursiopstruncatus）收集的典型皮肤病变中快速检测到CePV基因组。基于DNA聚合酶和DNA拓扑异构酶基因测序的系统发育分析表明，这两种病毒彼此密切相关，尽管他们感染的海豚属于不同的生态型。本研究中描述的痘病毒属于CePV-1，这是一种异质进化枝，可感染许多海豚（Delphinidae）和海豚（Phocoenidae）。在这个进化枝中，来自秘鲁的T.truncatusCePV与感染Delphinidae的病毒有关，而与在Phocoenidae中检测到的病毒有关。这是在东太平洋的自由放生齿科动物中首次发现CePV，令人惊讶的是，在30年的样本中。这些数据进一步表明，病原体-宿主的密切和长期的共同进化，导致CePV的不同谱系。
