PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This scoping review explores and summarizes the existing literature on the use of chatbots to support and promote health in Africa.
The primary aim was to learn where, and under what circumstances, chatbots have been used effectively for health in Africa; how chatbots have been developed to the best effect; and how they have been evaluated by looking at literature published between 2017 and 2022. A secondary aim was to identify potential lessons and best practices for others chatbots. The review also aimed to highlight directions for future research on the use of chatbots for health in Africa.
Using the 2005 Arksey and O\'Malley framework, we used a Boolean search to broadly search literature published between January 2017 and July 2022. Literature between June 2021 and July 2022 was identified using Google Scholar, EBSCO information services-which includes the African HealthLine, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases-and other internet sources (including gray literature). The inclusion criteria were literature about health chatbots in Africa published in journals, conference papers, opinion, or white papers.
In all, 212 records were screened, and 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results were analyzed according to the themes they covered. The themes identified included the purpose of the chatbot as either providing an educational or information-sharing service or providing a counselling service. Accessibility as a result of either technical restrictions or language restrictions was also noted. Other themes that were identified included the need for the consideration of trust, privacy and ethics, and evaluation.
The findings demonstrate that current data are insufficient to show whether chatbots are effectively supporting health in the region. However, the review does reveal insights into popular chatbots and the need to make them accessible through language considerations, platform choice, and user trust, as well as the importance of robust evaluation frameworks to assess their impact. The review also provides recommendations on the direction of future research.
The primary aim was to learn where, and under what circumstances, chatbots have been used effectively for health in Africa; how chatbots have been developed to the best effect; and how they have been evaluated by looking at literature published between 2017 and 2022. A secondary aim was to identify potential lessons and best practices for others chatbots. The review also aimed to highlight directions for future research on the use of chatbots for health in Africa.
Using the 2005 Arksey and O\'Malley framework, we used a Boolean search to broadly search literature published between January 2017 and July 2022. Literature between June 2021 and July 2022 was identified using Google Scholar, EBSCO information services-which includes the African HealthLine, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases-and other internet sources (including gray literature). The inclusion criteria were literature about health chatbots in Africa published in journals, conference papers, opinion, or white papers.
In all, 212 records were screened, and 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results were analyzed according to the themes they covered. The themes identified included the purpose of the chatbot as either providing an educational or information-sharing service or providing a counselling service. Accessibility as a result of either technical restrictions or language restrictions was also noted. Other themes that were identified included the need for the consideration of trust, privacy and ethics, and evaluation.
The findings demonstrate that current data are insufficient to show whether chatbots are effectively supporting health in the region. However, the review does reveal insights into popular chatbots and the need to make them accessible through language considerations, platform choice, and user trust, as well as the importance of robust evaluation frameworks to assess their impact. The review also provides recommendations on the direction of future research.
摘要：
背景：本范围审查探讨并总结了有关使用聊天机器人支持和促进非洲健康的现有文献。
目的：文献综述的主要目的是了解在什么情况下,聊天机器人在非洲被有效地用于健康，如何开发聊天机器人以达到最佳效果以及如何对其进行评估。第二个目标是为其他聊天机器人确定潜在的经验教训和良好做法。该评论还指出了未来在非洲使用聊天机器人进行健康研究的方向。
方法：它使用布尔搜索方法来回答四个问题：关于非洲聊天机器人的文献告诉我们有关设计的信息，该技术在该地区的医疗保健部门和社会中的使用和用户体验？这些数据在多大程度上告诉我们有关政策问题的信息，access,关于非洲医疗保健系统和服务中聊天机器人的伦理和监管问题？创新的测量和评估框架在哪里出现，以及在非洲医疗保健中使用聊天机器人的形式？这些数据提供了哪些关于非洲医疗保健部门聊天机器人景观的新问题或未来的见解，包括需要进一步研究的领域？
结果：审查得出的结论是，当前数据不足以有效地支持聊天机器人在非洲。然而,它确实表明了当前可用的聊天机器人文献类型以及差距所在的位置，并为未来的研究指明了方向。它提供了对流行聊天机器人的见解，以及通过语言考虑使它们可访问的需求，平台选择和用户信任，以及稳健的评估框架对评估其影响的重要性。
结论：需要将对聊天机器人的研究扩展到现有的和有限的健康学科和功能之外，以及解决围绕道德和包容性的问题，特别是来自农村地区和弱势群体的用户。显然还需要将研究扩展到非洲大陆的新国家。
背景：
目的：文献综述的主要目的是了解在什么情况下,聊天机器人在非洲被有效地用于健康，如何开发聊天机器人以达到最佳效果以及如何对其进行评估。第二个目标是为其他聊天机器人确定潜在的经验教训和良好做法。该评论还指出了未来在非洲使用聊天机器人进行健康研究的方向。
方法：它使用布尔搜索方法来回答四个问题：关于非洲聊天机器人的文献告诉我们有关设计的信息，该技术在该地区的医疗保健部门和社会中的使用和用户体验？这些数据在多大程度上告诉我们有关政策问题的信息，access,关于非洲医疗保健系统和服务中聊天机器人的伦理和监管问题？创新的测量和评估框架在哪里出现，以及在非洲医疗保健中使用聊天机器人的形式？这些数据提供了哪些关于非洲医疗保健部门聊天机器人景观的新问题或未来的见解，包括需要进一步研究的领域？
结果：审查得出的结论是，当前数据不足以有效地支持聊天机器人在非洲。然而,它确实表明了当前可用的聊天机器人文献类型以及差距所在的位置，并为未来的研究指明了方向。它提供了对流行聊天机器人的见解，以及通过语言考虑使它们可访问的需求，平台选择和用户信任，以及稳健的评估框架对评估其影响的重要性。
结论：需要将对聊天机器人的研究扩展到现有的和有限的健康学科和功能之外，以及解决围绕道德和包容性的问题，特别是来自农村地区和弱势群体的用户。显然还需要将研究扩展到非洲大陆的新国家。
背景：
