Abstract：
Although Brazilian livestock is considered one of the most productive in the world, the losses caused by parasites still greatly limit these activities and its incorrect control through traditional synthetic chemicals has caused problems such as parasitic resistance. The present study evaluated the anthelmintic and acaricidal action of ethanolic extract (EE) and essential oil (OE) obtained from Achyrocline satureioides inflorescences against an endo and an ectoparasite of great importance in sheep and cattle. The action against Haemonchus contortus was evaluated by the Larval Development Test (LDT) and the Egg Hatching Test (EHT), while the acaricidal potential against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was evaluated by the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and Larval Package Test (LPT). Chemical analyzes were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass of spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the chemical composition of EE and EO, respectively. Luteolin (m/z 285), quercetin (m/z 301) and methyl quercetin (m/z 315) were the major compounds detected in the A. satureioides EE, while 41 compounds were identified in EO. Among them, the major compounds were caryophyllene oxide (15.4%), limonene (10.9%), trans-calamenene + δ-cadinene (8.0%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.5%), spathulenol (5.1%) and α-pinene (4.5%). Against H. contortus, by EHT, the EE and EO showed LC50 of 83.14 mg mL-1 and 10.42 mg mL-1, respectively. In LDT, LC50 were 0.16 mg mL-1 and 0.42 mg mL-1, respectively by EE and EO. In the AIT assay for R. (B.) microplus tick LC50 obtained for EE and EO were 76.43 mg mL-1 and 114.35 mg mL-1, respectively. EE at 100 mg mL-1 completely inhibited egg laying, while the EO at 50 mg mL-1 completely inhibited larval hatching. No significant larvicidal effect was observed in LPT for both extracts. The EE and EO presented a high efficacy at low concentrations in the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of H. contortus. Although both extracts did not show consistent larvicidal action, the results were significant in inhibiting the oviposition of R. (B.) microplus engorged females.
摘要：
尽管巴西的牲畜被认为是世界上生产力最高的牲畜之一，寄生虫造成的损失仍然极大地限制了这些活动，并且通过传统的合成化学物质对其进行不正确的控制已经引起了诸如寄生虫抗性之类的问题。本研究评估了从Achyroclinesatureioides花序中获得的乙醇提取物（EE）和精油（OE）对绵羊和牛中非常重要的endo和外寄生虫的驱虫和杀螨作用。通过幼虫发育试验（LDT）和卵孵化试验（EHT）评估了其对扭曲的作用，而通过成人浸入试验（AIT）和幼虫包装试验（LPT）评估了对Rhipicephalus（Boophilus）微生物的杀螨潜力。通过液相色谱与质谱联用（LC-MS）和气相色谱与质谱联用（GC-MS）进行化学分析，以评估EE和EO的化学组成。分别。木犀草素（m/z285），槲皮素（m/z301）和甲基槲皮素（m/z315）是A.satureioidesEE中检测到的主要化合物，而在EO中鉴定出41种化合物。其中,主要化合物为石竹烯氧化物(15.4%)，柠檬烯(10.9%),反式-钙丁烯+δ-钙丁烯(8.0%)，(E)-石竹烯(5.5%)，司他烯醇（5.1％）和α-pine烯（4.5％）。反对H.contortus，EHT,EE和EO的LC50分别为83.14mgmL-1和10.42mgmL-1。在LDT中,通过EE和EO,LC50分别为0.16mgmL-1和0.42mgmL-1。在R的AIT测定中(B.）对于EE和EO获得的microplustickLC50分别为76.43mgmL-1和114.35mgmL-1。100mgmL-1的EE完全抑制产卵，而50mgmL-1的EO完全抑制幼虫的孵化。两种提取物在LPT中均未观察到明显的杀幼虫作用。EE和EO在低浓度下对H.contortus的卵孵化和幼虫发育具有很高的抑制作用。尽管两种提取物都没有表现出一致的杀幼虫作用，结果在抑制R.的产卵方面具有显着意义（B.)微加充盈的女性。
