PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nature conservation with reduced drainage of pastures has been increasingly promoted in agriculture in recent years. However, moisture on pastures is a crucial factor for the development of free-living stages of many parasite species in ruminants. Hence, for the first time, we conducted a field study between 2015 and 2017 at the German North Sea coast to investigate the long-term effect of pasture rewetting (since 2004) on endoparasite infections in sheep and cattle.
METHODS: We examined faecal samples of 474 sheep and 646 cattle from five farms in spring, summer and autumn each year for the presence of endoparasite infections. Animals were kept on conventionally drained, undrained and rewetted pastures. The association between pasture rewetting and endoparasite infection probability was analysed in generalized linear mixed models and including further potential confounders.
RESULTS: Infection frequencies for gastrointestinal strongyles, Eimeria spp. and Strongyloides papillosus were significantly higher in sheep (62.9%, 31.7% and 16.7%) than in cattle (39.0%, 19.7% and 2.6%). Fasciola hepatica was detected with a frequency of 13.3% in sheep and 9.8% in cattle, while rumen fluke frequency was significantly higher in cattle (12.7%) than in sheep (3.8%). Nematodirus spp., lungworms (protostrongylids, Dictyocaulus viviparus), Moniezia spp., Trichuris spp. and Dicrocoelium dendriticum were identified in less than 7% of samples. Co-infection with more than three endoparasite taxa was present significantly more often in sheep than in cattle. We identified significant positive correlations above 0.2 for excretion intensities between S. papillosus with strongyles, Eimeria spp. and Nematodirus spp. in sheep and between strongyles and Nematodirus spp. in cattle. Pasture rewetting had no long-term effect on endoparasite infections, neither in sheep nor in cattle. Interestingly, F. hepatica infections decreased significantly in sheep and cattle from 2015 (10.9% and 13.9%) to 2017 (1.4% and 2.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: Pasture rewetting for nature conservation did not increase endoparasite infection probability in ruminants in the long term. This finding should be confirmed in ongoing studies aimed at further animal welfare parameters. The rapid decrease in F. hepatica infections over 3 years may suggest climatic impact or competition with rumen flukes in addition to potential anthelmintic treatment after feedback of the results to the farmers.
METHODS: We examined faecal samples of 474 sheep and 646 cattle from five farms in spring, summer and autumn each year for the presence of endoparasite infections. Animals were kept on conventionally drained, undrained and rewetted pastures. The association between pasture rewetting and endoparasite infection probability was analysed in generalized linear mixed models and including further potential confounders.
RESULTS: Infection frequencies for gastrointestinal strongyles, Eimeria spp. and Strongyloides papillosus were significantly higher in sheep (62.9%, 31.7% and 16.7%) than in cattle (39.0%, 19.7% and 2.6%). Fasciola hepatica was detected with a frequency of 13.3% in sheep and 9.8% in cattle, while rumen fluke frequency was significantly higher in cattle (12.7%) than in sheep (3.8%). Nematodirus spp., lungworms (protostrongylids, Dictyocaulus viviparus), Moniezia spp., Trichuris spp. and Dicrocoelium dendriticum were identified in less than 7% of samples. Co-infection with more than three endoparasite taxa was present significantly more often in sheep than in cattle. We identified significant positive correlations above 0.2 for excretion intensities between S. papillosus with strongyles, Eimeria spp. and Nematodirus spp. in sheep and between strongyles and Nematodirus spp. in cattle. Pasture rewetting had no long-term effect on endoparasite infections, neither in sheep nor in cattle. Interestingly, F. hepatica infections decreased significantly in sheep and cattle from 2015 (10.9% and 13.9%) to 2017 (1.4% and 2.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: Pasture rewetting for nature conservation did not increase endoparasite infection probability in ruminants in the long term. This finding should be confirmed in ongoing studies aimed at further animal welfare parameters. The rapid decrease in F. hepatica infections over 3 years may suggest climatic impact or competition with rumen flukes in addition to potential anthelmintic treatment after feedback of the results to the farmers.
摘要：
背景：近年来，在农业中越来越多地推广了减少牧场排水的自然保护。然而,牧场上的水分是反刍动物中许多寄生虫物种自由生存阶段发展的关键因素。因此，第一次,我们在2015年至2017年期间在德国北海海岸进行了一项实地研究,以调查牧场再湿润(自2004年以来)对绵羊和牛体内寄生虫感染的长期影响.
方法：我们在春季检查了来自五个农场的474只绵羊和646头牛的粪便样本，每年夏季和秋季都存在内寄生虫感染。动物保持常规引流，未排水和重新湿润的牧场。在广义线性混合模型中分析了牧场再润湿与体内寄生虫感染概率之间的关联，并包括进一步的潜在混杂因素。
结果：胃肠道强体的感染频率，艾美球虫。和乳突类圆线虫在绵羊中明显更高(62.9%，31.7%和16.7%)比牛(39.0%，19.7%和2.6%）。在绵羊和牛中检出肝片吸虫的频率分别为13.3％和9.8％，牛的瘤胃吸虫频率（12.7％）明显高于绵羊（3.8％）。线虫属。,肺虫（原强肉芽，Dictyoculusvivyparus),Monieziaspp.,毛虫属。在不到7％的样品中鉴定出树枝状树枝状菌。在绵羊中，与三个以上的内寄生虫类群共同感染的频率明显高于牛。我们确定了具有强壮风格的乳头葡萄球菌之间的排泄强度高于0.2的显着正相关，艾美球虫。和线虫。在绵羊中以及在强项和线虫之间。在牛。牧场复湿对体内寄生虫感染没有长期影响，羊和牛都没有。有趣的是,从2015年（10.9％和13.9％）到2017年（1.4％和2.1％），绵羊和牛的肝菌感染显着下降。
结论：从长远来看，用于自然保护的牧场再润湿不会增加反刍动物体内寄生虫感染的可能性。这一发现应该在正在进行的旨在进一步动物福利参数的研究中得到证实。在将结果反馈给农民后，除了潜在的驱虫治疗外，3年内肝菌感染的迅速减少还可能表明气候影响或与瘤胃吸虫的竞争。
方法：我们在春季检查了来自五个农场的474只绵羊和646头牛的粪便样本，每年夏季和秋季都存在内寄生虫感染。动物保持常规引流，未排水和重新湿润的牧场。在广义线性混合模型中分析了牧场再润湿与体内寄生虫感染概率之间的关联，并包括进一步的潜在混杂因素。
结果：胃肠道强体的感染频率，艾美球虫。和乳突类圆线虫在绵羊中明显更高(62.9%，31.7%和16.7%)比牛(39.0%，19.7%和2.6%）。在绵羊和牛中检出肝片吸虫的频率分别为13.3％和9.8％，牛的瘤胃吸虫频率（12.7％）明显高于绵羊（3.8％）。线虫属。,肺虫（原强肉芽，Dictyoculusvivyparus),Monieziaspp.,毛虫属。在不到7％的样品中鉴定出树枝状树枝状菌。在绵羊中，与三个以上的内寄生虫类群共同感染的频率明显高于牛。我们确定了具有强壮风格的乳头葡萄球菌之间的排泄强度高于0.2的显着正相关，艾美球虫。和线虫。在绵羊中以及在强项和线虫之间。在牛。牧场复湿对体内寄生虫感染没有长期影响，羊和牛都没有。有趣的是,从2015年（10.9％和13.9％）到2017年（1.4％和2.1％），绵羊和牛的肝菌感染显着下降。
结论：从长远来看，用于自然保护的牧场再润湿不会增加反刍动物体内寄生虫感染的可能性。这一发现应该在正在进行的旨在进一步动物福利参数的研究中得到证实。在将结果反馈给农民后，除了潜在的驱虫治疗外，3年内肝菌感染的迅速减少还可能表明气候影响或与瘤胃吸虫的竞争。
