Abstract：
Viruses with negative-strand RNA genomes (NSVs) include many highly pathogenic and economically devastating disease-causing agents of humans, livestock, and plants-highlighted by recent Ebola and measles virus epidemics, and continuously circulating influenza virus. Because of their protein-coding orientation, NSVs face unique challenges for efficient gene expression and genome replication. To overcome these barriers, NSVs deliver a large and multifunctional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase into infected host cells. NSV-encoded polymerases contain all the enzymatic activities required for transcription and replication of their genome-including RNA synthesis and mRNA capping. Here, we review the structures and functions of NSV polymerases with a focus on key domains responsible for viral replication and gene expression. We highlight shared and unique features among polymerases of NSVs from the Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, and Articulavirales orders.
摘要：
具有负链RNA基因组（NSVs）的病毒包括许多人类高致病性和经济破坏性的致病因子，牲畜,以及最近埃博拉和麻疹病毒流行突出的植物，不断传播的流感病毒。由于它们的蛋白质编码方向，NSV面临着高效基因表达和基因组复制的独特挑战。为了克服这些障碍，NSV将大型且多功能的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶递送到受感染的宿主细胞中。NSV编码的聚合酶含有其基因组转录和复制所需的所有酶活性-包括RNA合成和mRNA加帽。这里,我们综述了NSV聚合酶的结构和功能,重点介绍了负责病毒复制和基因表达的关键结构域.我们强调了来自Mononegavirales的NSV聚合酶之间的共享和独特特征，Bunyavirales,和发音命令。
