马尔堡病毒(MARV),丝状病毒,1967年在马尔堡首次被发现,德国,贝尔格莱德,前南斯拉夫。从那以后,MARV在非洲部分地区引起了人类疾病的零星爆发,病死率很高,最大的疫情发生在2004/05年安哥拉。从2021年到2023年,几内亚发生了MARV疫情,加纳,几内亚,坦桑尼亚,强调将其流行区扩展到新的地理区域。目前没有批准的针对MARV的疫苗或疗法,但是几种候选疫苗在临床前研究中显示出了希望。我们通过给仓鼠接种单剂量的腺病毒(ChAdOx-1MARV)疫苗,同时比较了三种疫苗平台,一种基于甲病毒复制子的RNA(LION-MARV)疫苗,或重组水泡性口炎病毒(VSV-MARV)疫苗,都表达MARV糖蛋白作为抗原。接种后4周用仓鼠适应的MARV进行致命攻击导致VSV-MARV和LION-MARV组和ChAdOx-1MARV组的83%的保护。对抗原特异性体液反应及其功能的评估揭示了疫苗平台依赖性的差异,特别是在Fc效应子功能中。
Marburg virus (MARV), a filovirus, was first identified in 1967 in Marburg, Germany, and Belgrade, former Yugoslavia. Since then, MARV has caused sporadic outbreaks of human disease with high case fatality rates in parts of Africa, with the largest outbreak occurring in 2004/05 in Angola. From 2021 to 2023, MARV outbreaks occurred in Guinea, Ghana, New Guinea, and Tanzania, emphasizing the expansion of its endemic area into new geographical regions. There are currently no approved vaccines or therapeutics targeting MARV, but several vaccine candidates have shown promise in preclinical studies. We compared three vaccine platforms simultaneously by vaccinating hamsters with either a single dose of an adenovirus-based (ChAdOx-1 MARV) vaccine, an alphavirus replicon-based RNA (LION-MARV) vaccine, or a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based (VSV-MARV) vaccine, all expressing the MARV glycoprotein as the antigen. Lethal challenge with hamster-adapted MARV 4 weeks after vaccination resulted in uniform protection of the VSV-MARV and LION-MARV groups and 83% of the ChAdOx-1 MARV group. Assessment of the antigen-specific humoral response and its functionality revealed vaccine-platform-dependent differences, particularly in the Fc effector functions.