PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, including concerns for human health and the health of the planet. Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than meat-based diets and have a reduced environmental impact, including producing lower levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines are normally formulated to enhance the health of society, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed the scientific data on plant-based diets to summarize their preventative and therapeutic role in cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. Consuming plant-based diets is safe and effective for all stages of the life cycle, from pregnancy and lactation, to childhood, to old age. Plant-based diets, which are high in fiber and polyphenolics, are also associated with a diverse gut microbiota, producing metabolites that have anti-inflammatory functions that may help manage disease processes. Concerns about the adequate intake of a number of nutrients, including vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fats, are discussed. The use of fortified foods and/or supplements as well as appropriate food choices are outlined for each nutrient. Finally, guidelines are suggested for health professionals working with clients consuming plant-based diets.
摘要：
植物性饮食，这里定义为包括素食和乳卵素食，由于各种原因，在整个西方世界越来越受欢迎，包括对人类健康和地球健康的关注。植物性饮食比肉类饮食更具环境可持续性，并减少了对环境的影响。包括产生较低水平的温室气体排放。膳食指引通常是为增进社会健康而制订,降低慢性病的风险，防止营养缺乏。我们回顾了植物性饮食的科学数据，以总结其在心血管疾病中的预防和治疗作用。癌症,糖尿病,肥胖，和骨质疏松症。食用植物性饮食对于生命周期的所有阶段都是安全有效的，从怀孕和哺乳，到童年，到老年。植物性饮食，纤维和多酚含量高，也与不同的肠道微生物群有关，产生具有抗炎功能的代谢产物，可能有助于控制疾病过程。对大量营养素摄入的担忧，包括维生素B12，钙，维生素D,铁,锌，和欧米茄-3脂肪，正在讨论。针对每种营养素概述了强化食品和/或补充剂的使用以及适当的食物选择。最后,指南建议健康专业人员与客户消费植物性饮食。
