背景:有几种类型的植物性饮食,在总/植物蛋白摄入量和各种植物蛋白来源消耗的饮食之间存在未知差异。
目的:本系统评价比较了总蛋白质摄入量,在四种主要基于植物的饮食中消耗的植物蛋白和主要植物蛋白来源的比例:素食主义者,素食主义者,pesco-素食主义者和半素食主义者。
方法:我们纳入了2002年至2023年间发表的关于一般健康成年人蛋白质摄入量和/或蛋白质来源的观察性研究。我们确定(i)总蛋白和植物蛋白的能量百分比,(ii)植物蛋白相对于总蛋白摄入量的比例和(iii)四种饮食中消耗的主要植物蛋白来源(每种来源对总植物蛋白摄入量的贡献百分比中位数;四分位数范围)。植物蛋白来源大致分为美国农业部(USDA)食物组:“谷物”,“坚果和种子”,“豆制品”和“豆类”,豌豆,扁豆\"。
结果:我们纳入了13项报告在美国进行的蛋白质摄入量/来源的研究,欧洲,和韩国。其中,7关于素食主义者的报道,11素食,pesco素食主义者为7,半素食饮食为7,总蛋白质摄入量为10-17.4%。素食饮食的植物蛋白比例最高(77-98%),半素食饮食最低(37-83%)。植物蛋白来源的贡献来自谷物(60-78%)。坚果和种子在素食饮食中消耗最多(7.9%;2.9-10.3%),在半素食饮食中消耗最少(3.7%;2-14.8%)。豆制品,豆子,豌豆,和小扁豆在纯素食饮食中消耗最多(17.3%;16.3-19.9和19.6%;分别为14.6-21.3),在半素食饮食中消耗最少(3.7%;1.3-13.9和8.5%;5.2-10.2)。
结论:素食饮食具有最高的植物蛋白比例和多种植物蛋白来源,而半素食饮食的植物蛋白比例最低,主要依靠谷物作为植物蛋白来源。
BACKGROUND: There are several types of plant-based diets, with unknown differences across diets on total/plant protein intake and variety of plant protein sources consumed.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to compare total protein intake, proportion of plant proteins, and main plant protein sources consumed across 4 primarily plant-based diets: vegan,
vegetarian, pescovegetarian, and semivegetarian.
METHODS: We included observational studies reporting on protein intake and/or protein sources in generally healthy adults that were published between 2002 and 2023. We determined the following: 1) % energy from total and plant protein; 2) the proportion of plant protein relative to total protein intake; and 3) main plant protein sources (median percentage contribution of each source to total plant protein intake; interquartile range) consumed across the 4 diets. The plant protein sources were broadly classified into the following United States Department of Agriculture food groups: grains; nuts and seeds; soy products; and beans, peas, and lentils.
RESULTS: We included 13 studies reporting on protein intake/sources that were conducted in the United States, Europe, and South Korea. Of these, 7 reported on vegan, 11 on
vegetarian, 7 on pescovegetarian, and 7 on semivegetarian diets with total protein intake ranging from 10% to 17.4%. Vegan diets had the highest plant protein proportion (range: 77%-98%) and semivegetarian diets the lowest (range: 37%-83%). Plant protein source contribution was the highest from grains (range: 60%-78%). Nuts and seeds were the most consumed in
vegetarian diets (7.9%; 2.9%-10.3%) and least in semivegetarian diets (3.7%; 2%-14.8%). Soy products and beans, peas, and lentils were most consumed in vegan diets (17.3%; 16.3%-19.9, and 19.6%; 14.6%-21.3, respectively) and least in semivegetarian (3.7%; 1.3%-13.9%, and 8.5%; 5.2%-10.2%) diets.
CONCLUSIONS: Vegan diets has the highest plant protein proportion and a variety of plant protein sources, while semivegetarian diets has the lowest plant protein proportion and mainly relied on grains as a plant protein source.