关键词： AEPO, asialo-erythropoietin APOE, apolipoprotein E BBB, blood‒brain barrier BCECs, brain capillary endothelial cells Blood‒brain barrier CAT, catalase COX-1, cyclooxygenase-1 CXCR-4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Ce-NPs, ceria nanoparticles CsA, cyclosporine A DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns GFs, growth factors GPIIb/IIIa, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa HMGB1, high mobility group protein B1 Hb, hemoglobin ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 IL-1β, interleukin-1β IL-6, interleukin-6 Ischemic cascade LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 LHb, liposomal Hb MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases MSC, mesenchymal stem cell NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB NGF, nerve growth factor NMDAR, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NOS, nitric oxide synthase NPs, nanoparticles NSCs, neural stem cells Nanomedicine Neuroprotectant PBCA, poly-butylcyanoacrylate PCMS, poly (chloromethylstyrene) PEG, poly-ethylene-glycol PEG-PLA, poly (ethylene-glycol)-b-poly (lactide) PLGA NPs, poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles PSD-95, postsynaptic density protein-95 PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 RBCs, red blood cells RES, reticuloendothelial system RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp ROS, reactive oxygen species Reperfusion SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1 SHp, stroke homing peptide SOD, superoxide dismutase SUR1-TRPM4, sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential melastatin-4 Stroke TEMPO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl TIA, transient ischemic attack TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α Thrombolytics cRGD, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp e-PAM-R, arginine-poly-amidoamine ester iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase miRNAs, microRNAs nNOS, neuron nitric oxide synthase siRNA, small interfering RNA

来  源：   DOI：10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.019   PDF(Sci-hub)   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract：
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease normally caused by interrupted blood supply to the brain. Ischemia would initiate the cascade reaction consisted of multiple biochemical events in the damaged areas of the brain, where the ischemic cascade eventually leads to cell death and brain infarction. Extensive researches focusing on different stages of the cascade reaction have been conducted with the aim of curing ischemic stroke. However, traditional treatment methods based on antithrombotic therapy and neuroprotective therapy are greatly limited for their poor safety and treatment efficacy. Nanomedicine provides new possibilities for treating stroke as they could improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in vivo, achieve effective drug accumulation at the target site, enhance the therapeutic effect and meanwhile reduce the side effect. In this review, we comprehensively describe the pathophysiology of stroke, traditional treatment strategies and emerging nanomedicines, summarize the barriers and methods for transporting nanomedicine to the lesions, and illustrate the latest progress of nanomedicine in treating ischemic stroke, with a view to providing a new feasible path for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
摘要：
缺血性中风是一种脑血管疾病，通常由大脑的血液供应中断引起。缺血会引发级联反应，由大脑受损区域的多个生化事件组成，缺血级联最终导致细胞死亡和脑梗塞。已经进行了针对级联反应的不同阶段的广泛研究，目的是治愈缺血性中风。然而,基于抗栓治疗和神经保护治疗的传统治疗方法因其安全性和治疗效果不佳而受到很大限制。纳米药物为治疗中风提供了新的可能性，因为它们可以改善药物在体内的药代动力学行为，在目标部位实现有效的药物积累，提高治疗效果，同时减少副作用。在这次审查中,我们全面描述了中风的病理生理学，传统的治疗策略和新兴的纳米药物，总结纳米药物运输到病变的障碍和方法，并说明纳米医学治疗缺血性中风的最新进展，以期为脑缺血的治疗提供新的可行路径。
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