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Abstract：
Plant breeders and conservationist depend on knowledge about the genetic variation of their species of interest. Pisum fulvum, a wild relative of domesticated pea, has attracted attention as a genetic resource for crop improvement, yet little information about its diversity in the wild has been published hitherto. We sampled 15 populations of P. fulvum from Israeli natural habitats and conducted genotyping by sequencing to analyse their genetic diversity and adaptive state. We also attempted to evaluate the species past demography and the prospects of its future reaction to environmental changes. The results suggest that genetic diversity of P. fulvum is low to medium and is distributed between well diverged populations. Surprisingly, with 56 % in the total population the selfing rate was found to be significantly lower than expected from a species that is commonly assumed to be a predominant selfer. We found a strong genetic bottleneck during the last glacial period and only limited patterns of isolation by distance and environment, which explained 13 %-18 % of the genetic variation. Despite the weak signatures of genome-wide IBE, 1,354 markers were significantly correlated with environmental factors, 1,233 of which were located within known genes with a nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio of 0.382. Species distribution modelling depicted an ongoing fragmentation and decreased habitable area over the next 80 years under two different socio-economic pathways. Our results suggest that complex interactions of substantial drift and selection shaped the genome of P. fulvum. Climate changeis likely to cause further erosion of genetic diversity in P. fulvum. Systematic ex-situ conservation may be advisable to safeguard genetic variability for future utilization of this species.
摘要：
植物育种者和保护者依赖于有关其感兴趣物种的遗传变异的知识。Pisumfulvum,驯化豌豆的野生亲戚，作为作物改良的遗传资源引起了人们的关注，然而，迄今为止，关于其在野外多样性的信息很少。我们从以色列自然栖息地中采样了15个富勒菌种群，并通过测序进行了基因分型，以分析其遗传多样性和适应状态。我们还试图评估物种过去的人口统计及其对环境变化的未来反应的前景。结果表明，黄腐菌的遗传多样性低到中等，分布在差异较大的种群之间。令人惊讶的是,在总人口中，有56％的自交率显着低于通常被认为是主要自交的物种的预期。我们在最后一个冰期发现了一个强大的遗传瓶颈，只有有限的距离和环境隔离模式，解释了13%-18%的遗传变异。尽管全基因组IBE的特征较弱，1,354个标记与环境因素显着相关，其中1,233个位于已知基因中，非同义与同义比为0.382。物种分布模型描述了在未来80年中，在两种不同的社会经济途径下，持续的分裂和可居住面积的减少。我们的结果表明，大量漂移和选择的复杂相互作用塑造了富兰的基因组。气候变化可能会进一步削弱富勒菌的遗传多样性。建议进行系统的异地保护，以保护遗传变异性，以便将来利用该物种。
