Abstract:
Mentally ill offenders have a right to a fair trial and adequate treatment in terms of the law. The diversion of mentally ill offenders between the criminal justice and the mental health care systems is linked to the forensic psychiatric assessment and based on two psycho-legal constructs, fitness to stand trial (FTST) and criminal responsibility (CR). Forensic psychiatric assessment is therefore an important element in criminal law and plays a major role in the court\'s decisions regarding the sentence, detention, placement, or treatment of mentally ill offenders. The legislation aims to ensure balancing the rights of mentally ill offenders to psychiatric care and society\'s safety. A narrative overview of the literature summarizing the findings on legislation regulating FTST and CR assessment and their practice in different areas of the world was conducted. It offers insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches and examines the way court proceedings function in these different geographical and psychosocial-legal contexts. This may have policy implications for individual systems and allow countries to consider feasible mechanisms to refine the relevant legislation to improve their practices in forensic psychiatric assessments. Worldwide, relevant legislation is considered as essential in protecting mentally ill offender\'s right; it has been established for many years regarding specifying the procedures and responsibilities for the mental health care and criminal justice systems. Despite similarities in the principles of the psycho-legal constructs in different countries, there are differences in the way legislations are implemented, often depending on the available resources.
摘要:
精神病患者有权依法获得公正审判和适当待遇。精神病罪犯在刑事司法和精神卫生保健系统之间的转移与法医精神病学评估有关,并基于两种心理法律结构,适合受审(FTST)和刑事责任(CR)。因此,法医精神病评估是刑法中的重要组成部分,在法院判决判决中起着重要作用,拘留,placement,或治疗精神病罪犯。该立法旨在确保精神病患者的权利与精神护理和社会安全之间的平衡。对文献进行了叙述性概述,总结了有关规范FTST和CR评估的立法及其在世界不同地区的实践的发现。它提供了对各种方法的优缺点的见解,并研究了法院程序在这些不同的地理和社会心理法律背景下的运作方式。这可能会对个别系统产生政策影响,并使各国能够考虑可行的机制来完善相关立法,以改善其在法医精神病学评估中的做法。全球,相关立法被认为是保护精神病罪犯权利的关键;它已经建立了多年关于规定的程序和责任的精神卫生保健和刑事司法系统。尽管不同国家的心理法律结构的原则相似,立法的实施方式有所不同,通常取决于可用的资源。