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Abstract：
This paper reports a pioneering study of an unknown historical drug formulation preserved in the Spezieria of Santa Maria della Scala in Rome, founded at the end of the seventeenth century by the Discalced Carmelites. Due to limited literature related to pharmaceutical remedies and drugs of the Early Modern Era (between the XV and XVIII centuries) and the complexity in their formulations, the study of these drugs represents a great challenge. The untargeted nature of the selected drug required a multi-analytical approach with complementary techniques to formulate a compositional hypothesis: FT-IR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-associated/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were successfully employed to identify different organic compounds. Systematic archaeobotanical research was performed as well, allowing us to acquire data related to the possible genus of plants from which these natural compounds derive and their geographical origin. The unknown drug formulation turned out to be a complex mixture used as an ointment with an anti-inflammatory purpose. It mainly contains a mixture of Venetian turpentine; a Pine resin (colophony) from the Pinaceae family; an exudate of a plant from South America, whose identified components are triterpenic compounds such as alpha- and beta-amyrins, betulin and lupeol; and saturated fatty acids which act as carriers and/or to reduce the viscosity of abovementioned exudates and resins. The study of historical drugs is important not only in order to know the practices handed down by the speziali in the past but also to reconstruct historical recipes, which can inspire new dermatological, cosmetic, hygienic and current healing products.Graphical abstract.
摘要：
本文报道了一项关于罗马圣玛丽亚德拉斯卡拉斯卡拉斯卡拉的Spezieria中保存的未知历史药物制剂的开创性研究，成立于17世纪末，由分裂的卡梅尔人创立。由于与早期现代时代（在XV和XVIII世纪之间）的药物和药物有关的文献有限，并且其配方复杂，这些药物的研究代表了一个巨大的挑战。所选药物的非靶向性质需要具有互补技术的多分析方法来制定组成假设：FT-IR光谱，气相色谱相关/质谱（GC-MS）和核磁共振（NMR）成功地用于鉴定不同的有机化合物。还进行了系统的考古植物学研究，使我们能够获得与这些天然化合物衍生的植物的可能属及其地理起源有关的数据。未知的药物制剂被证明是用作具有抗炎目的的软膏的复杂混合物。它主要含有威尼斯松节油的混合物；松树科的松树树脂（松香）；南美植物的渗出物，其确定的成分是三萜化合物，如α-和β-淀粉，作为载体和/或降低上述渗出物和树脂的粘度的饱和脂肪酸。对历史药物的研究很重要，不仅是为了了解斯皮齐亚里过去传下来的做法，也是为了重建历史食谱，可以激发新的皮肤病学，化妆品,卫生和当前的治疗产品。图形抽象。
