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Abstract：
The deep sea, which is defined as sea water below a depth of 1000 m, is one of the largest biomes on the Earth, and is recognised as an extreme environment due to its range of challenging physical parameters, such as pressure, salinity, temperature, chemicals and metals (such as hydrogen sulphide, copper and arsenic). For surviving in such extreme conditions, deep-sea extremophilic microorganisms employ a variety of adaptive strategies, such as the production of extremozymes, which exhibit outstanding thermal or cold adaptability, salt tolerance and/or pressure tolerance. Owing to their great stability, deep-sea extremozymes have numerous potential applications in a wide range of industries, such as the agricultural, food, chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors. This enormous economic potential combined with recent advances in sampling and molecular and omics technologies has led to the emergence of research regarding deep-sea extremozymes and their primary applications in recent decades. In the present review, we introduced recent advances in research regarding deep-sea extremophiles and the enzymes they produce and discussed their potential industrial applications, with special emphasis on thermophilic, psychrophilic, halophilic and piezophilic enzymes.
摘要：
深海，定义为1000米深度以下的海水，是地球上最大的生物群落之一，并且由于其具有挑战性的物理参数范围而被认为是极端环境，比如压力，盐度,温度,化学品和金属(如硫化氢，铜和砷)。为了在如此极端的条件下生存，深海极端微生物采用多种适应性策略，比如极端酶的产生，具有出色的热或冷适应性，耐盐性和/或耐压性。由于其极大的稳定性，深海极端酶在广泛的行业中具有许多潜在的应用，比如农业，食物,化学,制药和生物技术部门。这种巨大的经济潜力，加上采样和分子组学技术的最新进展，导致了近几十年来有关深海极端酶及其主要应用的研究的出现。在本次审查中，我们介绍了有关深海极端微生物及其产生的酶的研究进展，并讨论了其潜在的工业应用，特别强调嗜热，嗜冷,嗜盐和嗜压酶。
