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Abstract：
Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback could be a promising treatment for forensic psychiatric patients. Increasing evidence shows some patients are unable to regulate cortical activity. Before neurofeedback can be applied successfully, research is needed to investigate the interpersonal mechanisms responsible for patients\' ability to respond to neurofeedback. A single-case experimental design allows for close monitoring of individual patients, providing valuable information about patients\' response to the intervention and the time frame in which changes in clinical symptoms can be observed. Four patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) substance use disorder and various comorbidities participated in a sham-controlled clinical case study. Self-report level of impulsivity and craving were assessed. Results indicate that one patient showed more improvements on behavioral measures after the neurofeedback training than did the others. This patient reported less impulsivity and reduced levels of self-reported craving. However, these findings could not be attributed to the neurofeedback intervention. The findings suggest that there is insufficient evidence for the beneficial effects of a theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback intervention on measures of impulsivity and craving, and that there may be great interindividual differences in patients\' ability to regulate cortical activity.
摘要：
脑电图（EEG）神经反馈可能是法医精神病患者的有希望的治疗方法。越来越多的证据表明，一些患者无法调节皮质活动。在神经反馈成功应用之前，需要进行研究以调查负责患者对神经反馈反应能力的人际机制。单病例实验设计可以密切监测个别患者，提供有关患者对干预措施的反应以及观察临床症状变化的时间范围的有价值的信息。四名患有精神障碍诊断和统计手册的患者（第4版。,文本rev.；DSM-IV-TR）物质使用障碍和各种合并症参与了一项假对照临床病例研究。评估了自我报告的冲动和渴望水平。结果表明，一名患者在神经反馈训练后的行为措施上表现出比其他患者更多的改善。该患者报告的冲动较少，自我报告的渴望水平降低。然而,这些发现不能归因于神经反馈干预.研究结果表明，没有足够的证据证明theta/感觉运动节律（SMR）神经反馈干预对冲动和渴望的措施的有益作用。患者调节皮质活动的能力可能存在很大的个体差异。
