PDF(Sci-hub)
Abstract：
Madín Reservoir provides a substantial amount of drinking water to two municipalities close to Mexico City metropolitan area. However, it receives untreated wastewater discharges from domestic sources in the towns of Nuevo Madín and others, as well as diverse pollutants which are hauled by the Río Tlalnepantla from its upper reaches, so that the xenobiotics in the reservoir are highly diverse in terms of type and quantity. Previous studies showed that MR is contaminated with xenobiotics such as Al, Hg and Fe, as well as NSAIDs, at concentrations exceeding the limits established for aquatic life protection. These pollutants have been shown to induce oxidative stress on Cyprinus carpio and may therefore also damage the genetic material of exposed organisms, eliciting cytotoxicity as well. The present study aimed to determine the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced on blood, liver and gill of C. carpio by the pollutants present in MR water. Specimens were exposed to water from five sampling sites and the following biomarkers were evaluated: DNA damage by comet assay, frequency of micronuclei, apoptosis by TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity. Significant increases relative to the control group (P < 0.05) were found with all biomarkers in all tissues evaluated, with the level of damage differing between sampling sites. In conclusion, pollutants present in MR water are genotoxic and cytotoxic to C. carpio, and this sentinel species, coupled with the biomarkers evaluated herein, is a reliable tool for assessing the health risk to wildlife posed by exposure to pollutants in freshwater bodies.
摘要：
马丁水库为靠近墨西哥城都市区的两个城市提供了大量饮用水。然而,它从新马迪恩和其他城镇的家庭来源收到未经处理的废水排放，以及RíoTlalnepantla从其上游拖运的各种污染物，因此，储层中的异种生物在类型和数量上都是高度多样化的。先前的研究表明，MR被诸如Al之类的异种生物污染，Hg和Fe，以及NSAIDs，浓度超过水生生物保护的限值。这些污染物已被证明会诱导鲤鱼的氧化应激，因此也可能损害暴露生物的遗传物质，也引起细胞毒性。本研究旨在确定对血液的遗传毒性和细胞毒性，由MR水中存在的污染物引起的C.carpio的肝脏和g。将样本暴露于来自五个采样点的水中，并评估了以下生物标志物：通过彗星测定对DNA的损伤，微核的频率，TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡和caspase-3活性。相对于对照组（P<0.05），在所有评估的组织中发现所有生物标志物均显着增加，采样点之间的损坏程度不同。总之,存在于MR水中的污染物对C.carpio具有基因毒性和细胞毒性，这个前哨物种，与本文评估的生物标志物相结合，是评估淡水体内污染物暴露对野生动物健康风险的可靠工具。
