关键词： ABC, ATP-binding cassette AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase BA, bile acid Bile acids C/EBPβ, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β CA, cholic acid CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid CTX, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis CYP7A1, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase CYP8B1, sterol 12α-hydroxylase Cyp27-KO, sterol 27-hydroxylase–knockout DDAH-1, dimethylarginineaminohydrolase-1 ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 FGF-15, fibroblast growth factor 15 FGFR4, FGF receptor 4 FOXM1b, forkhead boxm1b FXR, farnesoid X receptor Farnesoid X receptor Fibroblast growth factor 15 Fxr-KO, Fxr-knockout GPBAR1 or TGR5, G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 HEX, hematopoietically expressed homeobox JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase KC, Kupffer cells KO, knockout Liver regeneration Liver-intestine croass talk MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase MRP3, multidrug resistance associated protein 3 NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB PH, partial hepatectomy Rb, retinoblastoma SHP, small heterodimer partner STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 TH, thyroid hormone THR, TH receptor Transmembrane G protein coupled receptor 5 WT, wild type cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate hepFxr-KO, hepatocyte-specific Fxr knockout

来  源：   DOI：10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.005   PDF(Sci-hub)

Abstract：
The liver is unique in regenerative potential, which could recover the lost mass and function after injury from ischemia and resection. The underlying molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration have been extensively studied in the past using the partial hepatectomy (PH) model in rodents, where 2/3 PH is carried out by removing two lobes. The whole process of liver regeneration is complicated, orchestrated event involving a network of connected interactions, which still remain fully elusive. Bile acids (BAs) are ligands of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor of ligand-activated transcription factor. FXR has been shown to be highly involved in liver regeneration. BAs and FXR not only interact with each other but also regulate various downstream targets independently during liver regeneration. Moreover, recent findings suggest that tissue-specific FXR also contributes to liver regeneration significantly. These novel findings suggest that FXR has much broader role than regulating BA, cholesterol, lipid and glucose metabolism. Therefore, these researches highlight FXR as an important pharmaceutical target for potential use of FXR ligands to regulate liver regeneration in clinic. This review focuses on the roles of BAs and FXR in liver regeneration and the current underlying molecular mechanisms which contribute to liver regeneration.
摘要：
肝脏具有独特的再生潜能,可以恢复缺血和切除损伤后丢失的质量和功能。肝脏再生的潜在分子机制已被广泛研究在过去使用部分肝切除术（PH）模型在啮齿动物，其中2/3PH是通过去除两个波瓣来进行的。肝脏再生的整个过程是复杂的，涉及连接交互网络的精心策划的事件，仍然完全难以捉摸。胆汁酸（BAs）是法尼醇X受体（FXR）的配体，配体激活的转录因子的核受体。FXR已被证明高度参与肝再生。BAs和FXR不仅相互作用，而且在肝脏再生过程中独立调节各种下游靶标。此外，最近的研究结果表明，组织特异性FXR也有助于肝脏再生显着。这些新发现表明，FXR比调节BA具有更广泛的作用，胆固醇,脂质和葡萄糖代谢。因此,这些研究强调了FXR作为FXR配体在临床上可能用于调节肝再生的重要药物靶标。本文综述了BAs和FXR在肝脏再生中的作用以及目前促进肝脏再生的潜在分子机制。
公众号