Abstract：
This paper discusses the emergence of HIV/AIDS and the extent of the epidemic in KwaZulu-Natal and South Africa. HIV cases were first detected in South Africa in 1985 following the introduction of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the African market. During this time most cases of AIDS were seen in Johannesburg and Cape Town with a few cases in Pretoria and Durban, affecting mostly young White males. 1986 and 1987 showed an early development of the epidemic, but case finding was restricted by laboratory limitations and there were no epidemiological surveys. 1988 showed a rapid progress of the epidemic, with a move away from the earlier predominant involvement of White male homosexuals to a greater involvement of the Black African heterosexual population. In 1989, the pattern changed from predominantly homosexual to heterosexual involvement. Unfortunately, in 1990, with the first national Antenatal Clinic surveillance, HIV infections showed a prevalence rate twice that of the national level in KwaZulu-Natal. 1999 saw a leveling off of the antenatal prevalence, at 33.5%, in KwaZulu-Natal, and this has also been seen in several other provinces, resulting in a national prevalence of 22.4%. Reasons for this higher-than-average HIV prevalence and its significance for the government are discussed.
摘要：
本文讨论了艾滋病毒/艾滋病的出现以及夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省和南非的流行程度。在非洲市场引入酶联免疫吸附测定之后，1985年在南非首次发现了HIV病例。在此期间，大多数艾滋病病例出现在约翰内斯堡和开普敦，少数病例出现在比勒陀利亚和德班，主要影响年轻的白人男性。1986年和1987年显示了该流行病的早期发展，但病例发现受到实验室限制,没有进行流行病学调查.1988年显示了该流行病的迅速发展，从白人男性同性恋者的早期主要参与转变为黑人非洲异性恋人口的更大参与。1989年，这种模式从主要是同性恋转变为异性恋。不幸的是,1990年，第一次全国产前检查，艾滋病毒感染的患病率是夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省国家一级的两倍。1999年，产前患病率趋于平稳，33.5%，在夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省,在其他几个省份也看到了这一点，导致全国患病率为22.4%。讨论了艾滋病毒感染率高于平均水平的原因及其对政府的意义。
