Abstract：
Until recently, Africa\'s fertility rates showed no sign of change in spite of the vast resources committed to decreasing population growth. Now there are early indications of success in parts of Nigeria, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Kenya. In Kenya, between 1984 and 1989, total fertility fell from 7.7 to 6.7, the crude birth rate fell from 52/1000 to 46/1000, and the contraceptive prevalence rate rose from 17% to 27%. Public awareness of modern contraceptive techniques is above 70% in much of Africa, and in Kenya it is up to 90%. Injectable contraceptives are very popular. In October 1992, they were finally licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Injectable contraceptives were first used in Africa in the late 1960s. They were withdrawn from the Bangladesh family planning program, and they were banned in Zimbabwe in 1981. 2 injectable contraceptives administered by deep intra-muscular injection are widely available. Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or Depo-Provera is normally given in a dose of 150 mg every 12 weeks. Norethindrone enanthate (NETEN) is given in a dose of 200 mg every 8 weeks. DMPA has been used by more than 10 million women. It is repeatedly endorsed by the WHO and the IPPF and has the lowest failure rate of any method of reversible contraception. Side effects include spotting or amenorrhoea, and rarely, menorrhagia. Injectables are suitable for women who are breast feeding, as they may even increase the quantity of breast milk. Norplant, an implanted device developed by the Population Council, releases progestogen at a low, steady rate for 5 years. There is less progestogen in a 5-year Norplant than in the 3-month dose of DMPA. The implant can be removed at any time and fertility is quickly restored. Norplant is becoming increasingly available throughout Africa.
摘要：
直到最近,非洲的生育率没有变化的迹象，尽管大量的资源致力于减少人口增长。现在有早期迹象表明尼日利亚部分地区取得了成功，博茨瓦纳,津巴布韦,肯尼亚。在肯尼亚,在1984年至1989年之间，总生育率从7.7下降到6.7，粗出生率从52/1000下降到46/1000，避孕普及率从17％上升到27％。在非洲大部分地区，公众对现代避孕技术的认识超过70%，在肯尼亚，这一比例高达90%。注射避孕药非常受欢迎。1992年10月，它们终于获得了美国食品和药物管理局的许可。20世纪60年代末，可注射避孕药首次在非洲使用。他们从孟加拉国计划生育计划中撤出，1981年在津巴布韦被禁止。通过深层肌内注射施用的2种可注射避孕药是广泛可用的。醋酸甲羟孕酮（DMPA）或Depo-Provera通常每12周以150mg的剂量给予。以每8周200mg的剂量给予戊酸Norethingrone（NETEN）。DMPA已被超过1000万妇女使用。它一再得到世卫组织和IPPF的认可，在任何可逆避孕方法中，失败率最低。副作用包括斑点或闭经，很少，月经过多.注射剂适合母乳喂养的女性，因为它们甚至可能增加母乳的数量。Norplant,人口委员会开发的植入装置，低释放孕激素，5年稳定的速度。5年Norplant中的孕激素少于3个月剂量的DMPA。植入物可以在任何时间被移除并且生育能力迅速恢复。Norplant在整个非洲变得越来越可用。
