背景:主观幸福感(SWB)在总体健康中起着至关重要的作用。尽管已经报道了选定的微量营养素和食物对SWB的有益影响,它们不反映习惯饮食对SWB的影响。因此,本研究的目的是探讨中国饮食指南(CDG)依从性与SWB之间的关系.
方法:本研究结合了横断面调查和每日日记调查。这项横断面调查是在2020年10月至11月期间对来自中国南方8所大学的1,433名学生进行的。每日日记调查于2022年11月进行,连续十天收集了中国南方两所大学115名学生的10天每日数据,导致1,020个有效匹配的每日回复。对CDG的坚持通过中国主要饮食质量评分(CPDQS)进行评估,SWB由幸福感指数(IWB)和情感评估指数(AVI)衡量。相关分析,多元回归分析,并进行了分层回归,以检查对CDG的依从性与其组成部分之间的关联,和SWB。
结果:横断面调查显示SWB的重要预测因子,包括坚持CDG(β=0.24,p<0.001)及其成分:谷物和块茎(β=0.07,p=0.024),蔬菜和水果(β=0.11,p<0.001),乳制品/大豆/坚果(β=0.11,p=0.002),以及调味品和酒精饮料(β=0.08,p=0.002)。每日日记调查显示,对CDG的依从性呈正相关(β=0.19,p<0.001),及其成分:蔬菜和水果(β=0.11,p=0.001),乳制品/大豆/坚果(β=0.06,p=0.009),动物源食品(β=0.06,p=0.026),以及调味品和酒精饮料(β=0.07,p=0.026),每日SWB水平较高。
结论:坚持健康的膳食模式,如CDG,而不是孤立地关注单个组件,与更好的SWB相关。此外,CDG组件的消耗对SWB有影响,尽管两项研究的具体效果各不相同。这项研究提供了适度的证据支持CDG在促进积极心理健康中的作用。
BACKGROUND: Subjective well-being (SWB) plays an essential role in general health. Although beneficial effects of selected micronutrients and foods on SWB have been reported, they do not reflect the impact of the habitual diet on SWB. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between adherence to the Chinese Dietary
Guidelines (CDG) with SWB.
METHODS: This study combined a cross-sectional survey and a daily diary investigation. The cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1,433 students from 8 universities in southern China between October and November 2020. The daily diary investigation was conducted in November 2022, collecting 10-day daily data from 115 students at two universities in southern China over ten consecutive days, resulting in 1,020 valid matched daily responses. Adherence to the CDG was assessed by the China Prime Diet Quality Score (CPDQS), SWB was measured by the Index of Well-being (IWB) and the Affect Valuation Index (AVI). Correlation analysis, multiple regression analyses, and hierarchical regression were conducted to examine the associations of adherence to the CDG with its components, and SWB.
RESULTS: The cross-sectional survey revealed significant predictors of SWB, including adherence to the CDG (β = 0.24, p<0.001) and its components: cereals and tubers (β = 0.07, p = 0.024), vegetables and fruits (β = 0.11, p<0.001), dairy/soy/nuts (β = 0.11, p = 0.002), and condiments and alcoholic beverages (β = 0.08, p = 0.002). The daily diary investigation showed positive associations between adherence to the CDG (β = 0.19, p<0.001), and its components: vegetables and fruits (β = 0.11, p = 0.001), dairy/soy/nuts (β = 0.06, p = 0.009), animal source food (β = 0.06, p = 0.026), and condiments and alcoholic beverages (β = 0.07, p = 0.026), with higher levels of daily SWB.
CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns such as the CDG, rather than focusing on individual components in isolation, is associated with better SWB. Furthermore, the consumption of CDG components had an impact on SWB, although the specific effects varied between the two studies. This study offers modest evidence supporting the role of the CDG in promoting positive mental health.