背景:麻风分枝杆菌是引起麻风病的细胞内杆菌,一种被忽视的疾病,影响巨噬细胞和雪旺氏细胞。麻风反应是对分枝杆菌抗原的急性炎症反应,分类为1型(T1R),主要的细胞免疫反应,或type2(T2R),一种体液现象,导致感染细胞和神经结构中的大量杆菌。异种吞噬是一种选择性自噬,靶向细胞内细菌进行溶酶体降解;然而,其在麻风反应过程中的免疫机制尚不清楚。本文综述了麻风反应过程中自噬过程与麻风分枝杆菌消除之间的关系。
方法:三个数据库,PubMed/Medline(n=91),Scopus(n=73),和ScienceDirect(n=124),被搜查了。在应用资格标准后,文章于2023年8月入选独立同行评审。
结果:从检索到的288项研究中,包括八个。在进展为T1R的多杆菌(MB)患者中,观察到异种吞噬阻断和炎症小体激活增加,在反应性发作发生前伴有IL-1β分泌。另一方面,最近的数据实际上在反应开始之前观察到IL-15水平增加,以及IFN-γ的产生和异种吞噬诱导。
结论:我们的搜索结果显示T1R的发育及其与异种吞噬的关系存在二分法。没有发现T2R研究。
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium leprae is an intracellular bacillus that causes leprosy, a neglected disease that affects macrophages and Schwann cells. Leprosy reactions are acute inflammatory responses to mycobacterial antigens, classified as type1 (T1R), a predominant cellular immune response, or type2 (T2R), a humoral phenomenon, leading to a high number of bacilli in infected cells and nerve structures.
Xenophagy is a type of selective autophagy that targets intracellular bacteria for lysosomal degradation; however, its immune mechanisms during leprosy reactions are still unclear. This review summarizes the relationship between the autophagic process and M. leprae elimination during leprosy reactions.
METHODS: Three databases, PubMed/Medline (n = 91), Scopus (n = 73), and ScienceDirect (n = 124), were searched. After applying the eligibility criteria, articles were selected for independent peer reviewers in August 2023.
RESULTS: From a total of 288 studies retrieved, eight were included. In multibacillary (MB) patients who progressed to T1R,
xenophagy blockade and increased inflammasome activation were observed, with IL-1β secretion before the reactional episode occurrence. On the other hand, recent data actually observed increased IL-15 levels before the reaction began, as well as IFN-γ production and
xenophagy induction.
CONCLUSIONS: Our search results showed a dichotomy in the T1R development and their relationship with
xenophagy. No T2R studies were found.