PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Bacteria, akin to eukaryotic cells, possess the ability to release extracellular vesicles, lipidic nanostructures that serve diverse functions in host-pathogen interactions during infections. In particular, Gram-negative bacteria produce specific vesicles with a single lipidic layer called OMVs (Outer Membrane Vesicles). These vesicles exhibit remarkable capabilities, such as disseminating throughout the entire organism, transporting toxins, and being internalized by eukaryotic cells. Notably, the cytosolic detection of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) present at their surface initiates an immune response characterized by non-canonical inflammasome activation, resulting in pyroptotic cell death and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the influence of these vesicles extends beyond their well-established roles, as they also profoundly impact host cell viability by directly interfering with essential cellular machinery. This comprehensive review highlights the disruptive effects of these vesicles, particularly on autophagy and associated cell death, and explores their implications for pathogen virulence during infections, as well as their potential in shaping novel therapeutic approaches.
摘要：
细菌,类似于真核细胞，具有释放细胞外囊泡的能力，在感染过程中在宿主-病原体相互作用中发挥不同功能的脂质纳米结构。特别是,革兰氏阴性细菌产生具有称为OMV(外膜囊泡)的单个脂质层的特定囊泡。这些囊泡表现出非凡的能力，例如在整个生物体中传播，运输毒素,被真核细胞内化。值得注意的是,存在于其表面的脂多糖（LPSs）的胞浆检测引发了以非典型炎性体激活为特征的免疫应答，导致细胞凋亡和促炎细胞因子的释放。然而,这些囊泡的影响超出了它们公认的作用，因为它们还通过直接干扰必需的细胞机制而深刻影响宿主细胞的活力。这篇全面的综述强调了这些囊泡的破坏性影响，特别是自噬和相关的细胞死亡，并探讨了它们在感染过程中对病原体毒力的影响，以及它们在塑造新治疗方法方面的潜力。
