针对现场管理粗放的问题,生产率低,枸杞(枸杞)生产中的水肥利用效率低下,探索适宜的水氮调控模式,促进枸杞产业健康可持续发展。基于2021年至2022年进行的田间试验,本研究比较并分析了四个灌溉水平[75%-85%θf(W0,充分灌溉)的效果,65%-75%θf(W1,轻微缺水),55%-65%θf(W2,中度缺水),和45%-55%θf(W3,严重缺水)]和四个施氮水平[0kg·ha-1(N0,无施氮),150kg·ha-1(N1,低氮应用),300kg·ha-1(N2,中等施氮),和450kg·ha-1(N3,高氮施用)]对土壤水分分布的影响,土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)迁移,产量,和枸杞的水氮利用效率。40-80cm土层的土壤水分含量高于0-40cm和80-120cm土层。土壤平均含水量依次为W0>W1>W2>W3和N3>N2>N1>N0。0-80cm土层中的NO3--N含量对水氮调控较为敏感,在营养生长期间,土壤中NO3--N的累积量遵循W0>W1>W2>W3和N3>N2>N1>N0的顺序。秋季果实不同处理之间土壤NO3--N积累没有明显变化。W1N2处理下枸杞产量最高(2623.09kg·ha-1),比W0N3处理高18.04%。枸杞每个生育期的平均耗水量在盛花期最高,其次是营养生长和丰果期,秋季果实期最低。在W1N2处理下,水分利用效率达到峰值6.83kg·ha-1·mm-1。随着灌水和施氮量的增加,果实的氮素吸收和果实的氮肥恢复效率呈先增加后降低的趋势。W1N2处理获得了最高的果实吸氮量和果实的氮素恢复效率,分别为63.56kg·ha-1和8.17%,分别。回归分析表明,灌水量在315.4~374.3mm范围内,枸杞产量和水氮利用效率均有所提高。加上300.0至308.3kg·ha-1的施氮量。此外,土壤NO3--N残留量减少,使其成为枸杞种植的最佳水氮管理模式。本研究结果为枸杞的生产提供了新的见解,可以节约用水和减少氮,这有助于提高甘肃省引黄灌区和其他气候相似地区的枸杞生产力水平。
To address the problems of extensive field management, low productivity, and inefficient water and fertilizer utilization in
wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) production, an appropriate water and nitrogen regulation model was explored to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the
wolfberry industry. Based on a field experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022, this study compared and analyzed the effects of four irrigation levels [75%-85% θf (W0, full irrigation), 65%-75% θf (W1, slight water deficit), 55%-65% θf (W2, moderate water deficit), and 45%-55% θf (W3, severe water deficit)] and four nitrogen application levels [0 kg·ha-1 (N0, no nitrogen application), 150 kg·ha-1 (N1, low nitrogen application), 300 kg·ha-1 (N2, medium nitrogen application), and 450 kg·ha-1 (N3, high nitrogen application)] on soil water distribution, soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N) migration, yield, and water-nitrogen use efficiency of wolfberry. The soil moisture content of the 40-80 cm soil layer was higher than those of 0-40 cm and 80-120 cm soil layer. The average soil moisture content followed the order of W0 > W1 > W2 > W3 and N3 > N2 > N1 > N0. The NO3 --N content in the 0-80 cm soil layer was more sensitive to water and nitrogen regulation, and the cumulative amount of NO3 --N in the soil followed the order of W0 > W1> W2 > W3 and N3 > N2 > N1 > N0 during the vegetative growth period. There was no evidently change in soil NO3 --N accumulation between different treatments during the autumn fruit. The yield of wolfberry under the W1N2 treatment was the highest (2623.09 kg·ha-1), which was 18.04% higher than that under the W0N3 treatment. The average water consumption during each growth period of
wolfberry was the highest during the full flowering period, followed by the vegetative growth and full fruit periods, and the lowest during the autumn fruit period. The water use efficiency reached a peak value of 6.83 kg·ha-1·mm-1 under the W1N2 treatment. The nitrogen uptake of fruit and nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency of fruit first increased and then decreased with increasing irrigation and nitrogen application. The treatment of W1N2 obtained the highest nitrogen uptake of fruit and nitrogen recovery efficiency of fruit, which were 63.56 kg·ha-1 and 8.17%, respectively. Regression analysis showed that the yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency of
wolfberry improved when the irrigation amount ranged from 315.4 to 374.3 mm, combined with nitrogen application amounts of 300.0 to 308.3 kg·ha-1. Additionally, the soil NO3 --N residue was reduced, making it an optimal water and nitrogen management model for wolfberry planting. The present findings contribute novel insights into the production of
wolfberry with saving water and reducing nitrogen, which helps to improve the level of wolfberry productivity in the Yellow River irrigation region of Gansu Province and other areas with similar climate.