■进行这项研究是为了评估在挤奶时提供(OSF)或不提供(NSF)补充饲料对气质(TS)的影响,乳房卫生(UHS)和身体状况(BCS)评分,和每次挤奶产奶量(MYM),牛奶质量性状,和产前安纳托利亚水牛在哺乳期90天时的盈利能力限制在封闭式(CB)或半开放式自由摊位(OB)谷仓中。
■在实验I中,选择108头母牛进行四种处理(OB-OSF,OB-NSF,OSF跳开关和CB-NSF)的27头牛,在挤奶时考虑谷仓类型(OB和CB)和补充饲料(OSF和NSF)。在实验二,选择60头OB母牛以涵盖五组中的一组,每组12头母牛:i)无补充饲料(CON),ii)商业浓缩物(CC),iii)CC+玉米青贮(CCS),iv)CCS+苜蓿干草(CSA),或v)挤奶时的CC+黑麦草青贮饲料(CRS)。
■OB和OSF奶牛的TS和UHS低于(更好)CB和NSF奶牛,分别。OSF增加了牛奶蛋白,乳糖,与NSF相比,牛奶的凝固点和电导率降低。OB-OSF奶牛的MYM和乳脂高于OB-NSF和CB-NSF奶牛。奶牛的TS和UHS与MYM和一些牛奶化学物质(脂肪,蛋白质,和固体-非脂肪),但BCS呈正相关。CCS的TS和牛奶电导率,CSA,CRS奶牛低于CON和CC奶牛,但是BCS,MYM,牛奶脂肪更高。部分预算分析确定了补充饲料提供的集团的净利润较高(OB-OSF,CCS,CSA,和CRS)。
■为室内初产水牛挤奶时提供粗饲料和浓缩物更有利于健康,牛奶产量,牛奶质量,和经济。
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of offering (OSF) or not (NSF) supplemental feed at milking on temperament (TS), udder hygiene (UHS) and body condition (BCS) scores, and milk yield per milking (MYM), milk quality traits, and profitability of primiparous Anatolian buffalo cows at 90 days of lactation confined in closed-tied (CB) or semi-open free-stall (OB) barns.
METHODS: In Experiment I, 108 cows were selected to encompass four treatments (OBOSF, OB-NSF, CB-OSF, and CB-NSF) of 27 cows, considering barn type (OB and CB) and supplementary feed (OSF and NSF) at milking. In Experiment II, 60 OB cows were selected to encompass one of five groups of 12 cows each: i) no supplemental feed (CON), ii) commercial concentrate (CC), iii) CC + corn silage (CCS), iv) CCS + alfalfa hay (CSA), or v) CC + ryegrass silage (CRS) at milking.
RESULTS: The TS and UHS of the OB and OSF cows were lower (better) than those of the CB and NSF cows, respectively. The OSF increased milk protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat but decreased milk freezing point and electrical conductivity compared with the NSF. The MYM and milk fat of the OB-OSF cows were higher than those of the OB-NSF and CBNSF cows. The TS and UHS of the cows negatively correlated with MYM and some milk chemicals (fat, protein, and solids-not-fat), but BCS correlated positively. The TS and milk electrical conductivity of the CCS, CSA, and CRS cows were lower than those of the CON and CC cows, but BCS, MYM, and milk fat were higher. Partial budget analysis identified a higher net profit for supplemental feed-offered groups (OB-OSF, CCS, CSA, and CRS).
CONCLUSIONS: Offering roughage with concentrates at milking for indoor primiparous buffalo cows is more conducive to well-being, milk yield, milk quality, and economy.