背景:不利的工作条件可能会使工人在劳动力市场中处于弱势地位,但是缺乏对这些因素的聚类及其与倦怠症状的关系的研究。这项研究旨在确定劳动力市场中处于潜在弱势职位的工人亚组,并检查既定亚组的倦怠症状是否不同。
方法:本研究利用了2019年荷兰工作条件调查的横截面数据(n=55,283)。工作条件包括劳动合同,工作时间,多个工作,任期,物理应变,自主性,和工作量。倦怠症状用7分Likert量表的五个项目进行测量。潜在类别分析用于根据工作条件和教育水平识别漏洞子组。使用Wilcoxon秩和检验确定的亚组之间的倦怠症状是否不同。
结果:九个亚组中的三个(即,第4、6和7类)提出了多种不利工作条件的组合。4班的脆弱性,其特点是教育水平低,体力要求高的工作,自主性低,和高工作量,与所有其他亚组相比,倦怠症状评分显着提高(M=2.91;SD=0.97)。亚组3(M=2.69;SD=1.43)和8(M=2.41;SD=1.41),在没有不利条件的情况下,在倦怠症状方面得分第二和第三高。
结论:确定劳动力市场的脆弱性并不简单,因为并非所有表现出不利工作条件集群的概况在倦怠症状上得分都很高,反之亦然。未来的研究应该调查研究结果是否与其他心理健康结果相似。
BACKGROUND: Unfavorable working conditions may place workers in a
vulnerable position in the labour market, but studies on the clustering of these factors and their relation to burnout symptoms are lacking. This study aims to identify subgroups of workers in potentially
vulnerable positions in the labour market and examine whether burnout symptoms differ across the established subgroups.
METHODS: This study utilizes cross-sectional data from 2019 of the Netherlands Working Conditions Survey (n = 55,283). Working conditions included employment contracts, working hours, multiple jobs, tenure, physical strain, autonomy, and workload. Burnout symptoms were measured with five items on a 7-point Likert scale. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify vulnerability subgroups based on working conditions and educational level. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to examine whether burnout symptoms differed between the identified subgroups.
RESULTS: Three out of nine subgroups (i.e., classes 4, 6, and 7) presented combinations of multiple unfavourable working conditions. The vulnerability of class 4, characterized by low educational level, physically demanding work, low autonomy, and a high workload, was underscored by a significantly higher burnout symptom score (M = 2.91;SD = 0.97) compared to all other subgroups. Subgroups 3 (M = 2.69;SD = 1.43) and 8 (M = 2.41;SD = 1.41), without striking unfavourable conditions, had the second and third highest scores on burnout symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Determining vulnerability in the labour market is not straightforward as not all profiles that presented clusters of unfavourable working conditions scored high on burnout symptoms, and vice versa. Future research should investigate whether findings are similar to other mental health outcomes.