关于老龄化的观点(VoA)通过影响健康而与老龄化过程特别相关,幸福,和长寿。虽然VoA在生命的早期形成,到目前为止,大多数研究集中在VoA如何影响中老年人。在这篇理论文章中,我们认为,为了更充分地理解VoA的起源,需要一种寿命方法,它们如何随着个体发育时间的变化,以及它们如何在整个生命周期中塑造发展。我们首先明确地将VoA与生命周期发展的基本原则联系起来。我们回顾了现有的VoA理论,并讨论了它们各自的贡献和局限性。然后,我们概述了VoA的生命周期方法,该方法整合了现有理论并解决了它们的一些局限性。我们详细阐述了VoA生命周期方法的三个核心命题:(1)VoA发展为动态的结果,正在进行,和生物进化之间复杂的相互作用,心理,和社会背景因素;然而,不同来源在整个生命周期中变化的相对重要性;(2)VoA在整个生命周期中的影响发展;然而,不同的结果,机制,需要考虑时间框架,以便描述和理解它们的影响;(3)VoA是多维的,多方向,在整个生命中都是多功能的,但是它们的复杂性,意思是,和适应性在整个生命周期中发生变化。最后,我们对VoA的未来寿命研究提出了建议。
Views on ageing (VoA) have special relevance for the ageing process by influencing health, well-being, and longevity. Although VoA form early in life, so far, most research has concentrated on how VoA affect later middle-aged and older adults. In this theoretical article, we argue that a lifespan approach is needed in order to more fully understand the origins of VoA, how they change over ontogenetic time, and how they shape development across the full breadth of the lifespan. We begin by explicitly linking VoA to fundamental principles of lifespan development. We review existing theories of VoA and discuss their respective contributions and limitations. We then outline a lifespan approach to VoA that integrates existing theories and addresses some of their limitations. We elaborate on three core propositions of a lifespan approach to VoA: (1) VoA develop as the result of a dynamic, ongoing, and complex interaction between biological-evolutionary, psychological, and social-contextual factors; however, the relative importance of different sources changes across the lifespan; (2) VoA impact development across the whole lifespan; however, different outcomes, mechanisms, and time frames need to be considered in order to describe and understand their effects; and (3) VoA are multidimensional, multidirectional, and multifunctional throughout life, but their complexity, meaning, and adaptivity change across the lifespan. We conclude with recommendations for future lifespan research on VoA.