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Abstract：
The aim of the study is to present a new and efficient way of measuring the quality of life among older populations, with special attention to morale, positive outlook on life and ageing. The measure is based on the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCM), originally consisting of 22 items. The growing numbers and proportions of older people among European populations has increased the need to obtain more reliable data on their needs, values, life experiences and overall quality of life. Using data from six surveys conducted in the Czech Republic, we have formulated a three-item positive outlook on life and ageing (POLA) scale. Our analyses are divided into three steps: (1) constructing the scale and testing its internal consistency; (2) testing the scale\'s external validity using mean comparisons and correlation coefficients; and (3) determining the factors affecting a positive outlook on later life, such as gender and education. We have confirmed that the three-item approach to measuring positive outlook on ageing as a part of morale is highly applicable to surveys, producing compelling results in assessing important quality-of-life sub-concepts, such as subjective health, subjective age, and loneliness.
摘要：
这项研究的目的是提出一种新的有效的方法来衡量老年人的生活质量，特别注意士气，积极的人生观和老龄化。该措施基于费城老年中心士气量表(PGCM)，最初由22个项目组成。欧洲人口中老年人的人数和比例不断增加，因此需要获得更可靠的需求数据，值,生活体验和整体生活质量。利用在捷克共和国进行的六项调查的数据，我们制定了三项积极的人生观和老龄化（POLA）量表。我们的分析分为三个步骤：（1）构建量表并测试其内部一致性；（2）使用均值比较和相关系数测试量表的外部有效性；（3）确定影响后期生活前景的因素。比如性别和教育。我们已确认,衡量老龄问题正面前景的三项方法作为士气的一部分,非常适用于调查,在评估重要的生活质量子概念时产生令人信服的结果，比如主观健康，主观年龄,和孤独。
