膜是生命必不可少的。它们充当定义细胞和细胞器的半渗透性边界。此外,它们的表面积极参与生化反应网络,它们限制蛋白质,对齐反应伙伴,并直接控制酶的活性。膜局部反应形成细胞膜,定义细胞器的身份,划分生化过程,甚至可以是起源于质膜并到达细胞质和细胞核的信号梯度的来源。膜表面是,因此,一个重要的平台,无数的细胞过程被支架。在这次审查中,我们总结了我们目前对膜定位反应的生物物理学和生物化学的理解,特别关注来自重组和细胞系统的见解。我们讨论了细胞因子的相互作用如何导致它们的自组织,冷凝,装配,和活动,以及由此产生的紧急属性。
Membranes are essential for life. They act as semi-permeable boundaries that define cells and organelles. In addition, their surfaces actively participate in biochemical reaction networks, where they confine proteins, align reaction partners, and directly control enzymatic activities. Membrane-localized reactions shape cellular membranes, define the identity of organelles, compartmentalize biochemical processes, and can even be the source of signaling gradients that originate at the plasma membrane and reach into the cytoplasm and nucleus. The membrane surface is, therefore, an essential platform upon which myriad cellular processes are scaffolded. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the biophysics and biochemistry of membrane-localized reactions with particular focus on insights derived from reconstituted and cellular systems. We discuss how the interplay of cellular factors results in their self-organization, condensation, assembly, and activity, and the emergent properties derived from them.