■这项病例对照研究是为了确定唇裂和/或腭裂的分布,它与家族史的联系,综合征和浆液性中耳炎(SOM),及其与几个危险因素的关系。
■病例组由133名患有唇裂和/或腭裂的儿童组成,对照组为133名足月出生的非唇裂儿童。收集的数据包括年龄,性别,来自患者档案的唇腭裂的起源和危险因素,采访监督医生,还有病人.然后将数据填入Excel,并使用拟合优度检验和卡方进行统计分析,以确定结果的显著性。
■唇裂和/或腭裂(CL/P)在男性中稍高(51.9%)。唇腭裂(CLP)是最常见的表现(42.1%)。唇裂(CL)主要是完全性裂(51,5%)不完全裂(41.1%),在样本中,35.4%的病例是双侧的,32.3%是单方面的权利,28.3%为左侧,4%为中位裂隙。left裂(CP)大部分是完全的(46.6%),有不完全的裂隙(40%),其余为粘膜下(13.4%)。男性中孤立的CL和联合CLP较高(51.6%,分别为62.5%)。孤立的CP和Tessier异常在女性中更为常见(分别为64.7%和58.3%)。近亲结婚占36.1%。21.8%的样本有一级亲属,24.8%的样本有二级亲属出生时CL/P。仅有7例(0.05%)综合征性CL/P:Down/s(4),皮埃尔·罗宾(2),和VanderWoude综合征(1)。发现CL/P与危险因素之间存在关系:服用抗惊厥药(未指定药物)(p=0.025,OR=10.73C.I.95%),服用维甲酸(p值=0.049,OR=4.75C.I.95%),不消耗叶酸(p值=0.00,OR=28.23C.I.95%),和吸烟(p值=0.046,OR=2.00C.I.95%)。与母亲饮酒或母亲糖尿病无关(p值分别为0.652和0.210)。SOM在63.2%的CL/P患者中存在,且大多为孤立性CP。
■CL/P在男性中仅略高。最常见的情况是CLP。二级亲属中CL/P的发生率高于一级亲属。向下\'s,皮埃尔·罗宾,范德伍德综合症可能与CL/P相关。服用抗惊厥药,服用维甲酸,不消耗叶酸,吸烟和吸烟都在CL/P的发病率中起作用。超过一半的样本具有相关的SOM。
OBJECTIVE: This case-control study was conducted to determine the distribution of cleft lip and/or palate, its association with family history, syndromes and serous otitis media (SOM), and its relation with several risk factors.
METHODS: The case group comprised of 133 children born with cleft lip and/or palate, and the control was 133 non-cleft children born full-term. Data was collected including age, gender, origin and risk factors for cleft lip and palate from patients\' files, interviewing supervising doctors, and the patient. Data was then filled out into Excel and underwent statistical analysis using the Goodness of Fit Test and Chi-Square to determine the significance of the results.
RESULTS: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) was slightly higher among males (51.9%). Combined cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most common presentation (42.1%). Cleft lips (CL) were mostly complete cleft (51,5%) incomplete cleft comprised (41.1%), In the sample 35.4% of the cases were bilateral, 32.3% were right unilateral, 28.3% were left unilateral and 4% were median cleft. Cleft palate (CP) was mostly complete (46.6%) there were incomplete clefts (40%), and the remainder were submucosal (13.4%). Isolated CL and combined CLP were higher in males (51.6%, 62.5% respectively). Both isolated CP and Tessier anomaly were more common in females (64.7% and 58.3% respectively). consanguineous marriages accounted for 36.1% of cases. 21.8% of the sample had a first-degree relative and 24.8% had a second degree relative born with CL/P. There were only 7 cases (0.05%) of syndromic CL/P: Down\'s (4), Pierre Robin\'s (2), and Van der Woude Syndrome (1). A relationship was found between CL/P and the risk factors: taking anticonvulsants (without specifying the drug) (p = 0.025, OR = 10.73 C.I. 95%), taking retinoic acid (p-value = 0.049, OR = 4.75 C.I. 95%), not consuming folic acid (p-value = 0.00, OR = 28.23 C.I. 95%), and smoking cigarettes (p-value = 0.046, OR = 2.00 C.I. 95%). There was no relationship with maternal alcohol consumption or maternal diabetes (p-values = 0.652 and 0.210, respectively). SOM was present in 63.2% of patients with CL/P and were mostly isolated CP.
CONCLUSIONS: CL/P was only slightly higher among males. The most common condition was CLP. There was higher incidence of CL/P among second-degree relatives than first degree. Down\'s, Pierre Robin\'s, and Van der Woude Syndromes may be associated with CL/P. Taking anticonvulsants, taking retinoic acid, not consuming folic acid, and smoking cigarettes all have a role in the incidence of CL/P. More than half of the sample had an associated SOM.