丙酮酸激酶M2亚型的缩写,PKM2可以说是以其代谢参与糖酵解而闻名的全能球员。作为代谢或非代谢(激酶)酶的硬脑膜作用,PKM2在肿瘤细胞中的生物学作用引起了广泛的关注。包括扩散,迁移,入侵,新陈代谢,等等。游走的PKM2可以在细胞内和细胞外跨界。具体来说,PKM2可以是核的,细胞质,线粒体,外泌体,甚至在体内循环。重要的是,PKM2可以作为RNA结合蛋白(RBP)来自我支持其代谢功能。尽管围绕PKM2在肿瘤细胞中不同角度的生物学作用进行了广泛的研究或评论,关于最近发现的PKM2的一些新作用,包括,例如,作为RNA结合蛋白,高尔基体的保护,和微环境的重塑,等等。鉴于这些发现,在这次审查中,我们总结了PKM2研究的最新进展,主要来自非代谢方面。顺便说一句,PKM1是PKM2的另一个同系物,自发现以来似乎一直被忽视或研究不足。本文还对PKM1的最新发现进行了初步探讨。
Short for pyruvate kinase M2 subtype, PKM2 can be said of all-round player that is notoriously known for its metabolic involvement in glycolysis. Holding a dural role as a metabolic or non-metabolic (kinase) enzyme, PKM2 has drawn extensive attention over its biological roles implicated in tumor cells, including proliferation, migration, invasion, metabolism, and so on. wandering PKM2 can be transboundary both intracellularly and extracellularly. Specifically, PKM2 can be nuclear, cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, exosomal, or even circulate within the body. Importantly, PKM2 can function as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) to self-support its metabolic function. Despite extensive investigations or reviews available surrounding the biological roles of PKM2 from different angles in tumor cells, little has been described regarding some novel role of PKM2 that has been recently found, including, for example, acting as RNA-binding protein, protection of Golgi apparatus, and remodeling of microenvironment, and so forth. Given these findings, in this review, we summarize the recent advancements made in PKM2 research, mainly from non-metabolic respects. By the way, PKM1, another paralog of PKM2, seems to have been overlooked or under-investigated since its discovery. Some recent discoveries made about PKM1 are also preliminarily mentioned and discussed.