乌尔米亚湖被称为世界上第二个高盐湖,表面积约为5200km2。随着人类活动导致湖泊的水输入减少,在过去的几十年中,易受风蚀和粉尘排放影响的地区有所扩大。自2017年以来,本研究试图测量Urmia湖边缘的风蚀。为了定量了解干涸的乌尔米亚湖地区的风蚀参数,并在风蚀强度方面优先考虑不同的区域,有必要在干涸海岸的不同地区建立风蚀测量和监测站。在萨尔玛斯等六个易蚀地区建立了风蚀测量和监测站,JabalKandi,Soporghan,Miandoab,Khaselou和Ajabshir.确定了Urmia湖干燥边缘的风蚀参数,例如运输能力和土壤流失。为此,在具有相同中心的两个圆的布局中使用BSNE陷阱。每次风蚀事件后,将沉积物捕集器清空并称重;然后,计算了颗粒物的垂直和水平分布。最大运输能力值的比较-fmax(kg/m。年)和土壤损失-SL(吨/公顷。yr)2017年的风尘颗粒物表明,Urmia湖边缘的两个主要风蚀中心是Ajabshir和JabalKandi。哈塞尔鲁的车站,Salmas,Soporghan和Mianduab的排名下降。结果表明,转移能力值分别为351.97和297.30kg/m/年,土壤流失量分别为18.04和35.4吨/公顷/年,分别,对于风蚀潜力大的车站,即,AjabShir和JabalKandi,在2017年。此外,2019年,上述站的这些值显著降低,因此从转移能力获得的值达到54.93和40.39千克/米/年,土壤流失量达到3.70和2.43吨/公顷。对运输能力和土壤流失的调查结果显示,由于2017年至2019年湖泊水位上升以及生物和工程保护措施(非活的防风林),风蚀率呈下降趋势。
Urmia Lake has been known as the second hypersaline lake in the world, with the surface area of approximately 5200 km2. With decreasing the water input of the lake due to anthropogenic activities, the susceptible areas to wind erosion and dust emission were extended during the last decades. The present study attempted to measure wind erosion on the edge of Urmia Lake for three years since 2017. In order to provide a quantitative understanding of wind erosion parameters in the dried up Urmia Lake area, and to prioritize different areas in terms of wind erosion intensity, it was necessary to establish wind erosion measurement and monitoring stations in different areas of dried up shores. Wind erosion measurement and monitoring stations were established in six erodible areas such as Salmas, Jabal Kandi, Soporghan, Miandoab, Khaselou and Ajabshir. Wind erosion parameters such as transport capacity and soil loss in the dried margin of Urmia Lake were determined. For this purpose, BSNE traps were used in the layout of two circles having an identical center. After each wind erosion event, sediment traps were emptied and weighted; then, the vertical and horizontal distribution of the particulate matters was calculated. Comparison of the values of maximum transport capacity-fmax (kg/m.yr) and soil loss- SL (ton/ha.yr) of aeolian particulate in 2017 showed that the two main centers of wind erosion on the edge of Urmia Lake were Ajabshir and Jabal Kandi. The stations of Khaselou, Salmas, Soporghan and Mianduab were in the declined ranking. Results showed that the transfer capacity values were 351.97 and 297.30 kg/m/year and soil losses were 18.04 and 35.4 ton/ha/year, respectively, for the stations with high wind erosion potential, i.e., Ajab Shir and Jabal Kandi, in 2017. Furthermore, these values were significantly reduced for the mentioned stations in 2019, so that the values obtained from the transfer capacity reached 54.93 and 40.39 kg/m/year and soil losses reached 3.70 and 2.43 ton/ha. Investigating the results of transport capacity and soil loss showed the decreasing trend in wind erosion rate due to the increasing water level of the lake as well as biological and engineering conservation practices (non-live windbreaks) from 2017 to 2019.