telecommunications

电信
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:后COVID-19时代电信业的快速发展给员工带来了巨大的压力,使其成为职业倦怠的高危人群。然而,先前的研究较少关注员工的倦怠。此外,社会支持和性别对职业倦怠有不同的影响。本研究探讨了压力感知对工作倦怠的作用机制,并探讨了社会支持和性别在其中的作用。
    方法:这项横断面研究于2023年6月至2023年8月在中国大陆进行。通过随机抽样和网上问卷调查的方式共招募39507人,保留有效问卷28204份。使用SPSS(26.0版)和过程(模型4和7)进行相关性分析,调解分析,和中介适度分析。
    结果:压力感知可以积极预测电信行业员工的工作倦怠水平,社会支持起着部分中介作用,占总效应的8.01%,性别调节了这种调解模式的前半部分。在相同的压力水平下,女性比男性能感受到更多的社会支持。
    结论:在高压背景下,员工的工作倦怠因性别和对社会支持的看法而异。因此,电信行业管理者应针对不同群体采取减压措施和有针对性的社会支持资源。
    BACKGROUND: The rapid development of the telecommunications industry in the post-COVID-19 era has brought tremendous pressure to employees making them a high-risk group for job burnout. However, prior research paid less attention to the burnout of employees. Furthermore, social support and gender have separate effects on job burnout. This study explores the mechanism of stress perception on job burnout and examines the roles of social support and gender amid it.
    METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to August 2023 in mainland China. A total of 39,507 were recruited by random sampling and online questionnaires, and 28,204 valid questionnaires were retained. SPSS (version 26.0) and PROCESS (Model 4 & 7) were used for correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and mediated moderation analysis.
    RESULTS: Stress perception can positively predict the level of job burnout of employees in the telecommunications industry, and social support plays a partial mediating role, accounts for 8.01% of the total effect, gender moderates the first half of the path in this mediation model. At the same pressure level, female can perceive more social support than male.
    CONCLUSIONS: Under high pressure background, employees\' job burnout varies depending on gender and the perception of social support. Therefore, telecommunications industry managers should adopt decompression measures and targeted social support resources for different groups.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    客户流失预测对于组织降低成本和促进增长至关重要。集成学习模型通常用于流失预测。多样性和预测性能是构造集成分类器的两个基本原则。因此,开发由不同基分类器组成的精确集成学习模型是该领域的一个相当大的挑战。在这项研究中,我们提出了两种基于聚类的多目标进化集成学习模型(MOEECs),其中包括一种新的多样性措施。此外,为了克服数据不平衡的问题,在第二个模型中提出了另一个目标函数来评估整体性能。本文中提出的模型是使用从移动运营商数据库收集的数据集进行评估的。我们的第一个模型,MOEEC-1,准确率为97.30%,AUC为93.76%,优于经典分类器和其他集成模型。同样,MOEEC-2的准确率为96.35%,AUC为94.89%,展示其在流失预测中的有效性。此外,与以前的流失模型比较表明,MOEEC-1和MOEEC-2在准确性方面表现出卓越的性能,精度,和F分数。总的来说,我们提出的MOEEC在流失预测准确性方面取得了显著进步,并在关键性能指标方面优于现有模型。这些发现强调了我们的方法在解决客户流失预测的挑战及其在组织决策中的实际应用潜力方面的有效性。
    Customer churn prediction is vital for organizations to mitigate costs and foster growth. Ensemble learning models are commonly used for churn prediction. Diversity and prediction performance are two essential principles for constructing ensemble classifiers. Therefore, developing accurate ensemble learning models consisting of diverse base classifiers is a considerable challenge in this area. In this study, we propose two multi-objective evolutionary ensemble learning models based on clustering (MOEECs), which are include a novel diversity measure. Also, to overcome the data imbalance problem, another objective function is presented in the second model to evaluate ensemble performance. The proposed models in this paper are evaluated with a dataset collected from a mobile operator database. Our first model, MOEEC-1, achieves an accuracy of 97.30% and an AUC of 93.76%, outperforming classical classifiers and other ensemble models. Similarly, MOEEC-2 attains an accuracy of 96.35% and an AUC of 94.89%, showcasing its effectiveness in churn prediction. Furthermore, comparison with previous churn models reveals that MOEEC-1 and MOEEC-2 exhibit superior performance in accuracy, precision, and F-score. Overall, our proposed MOEECs demonstrate significant advancements in churn prediction accuracy and outperform existing models in terms of key performance metrics. These findings underscore the efficacy of our approach in addressing the challenges of customer churn prediction and its potential for practical application in organizational decision-making.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    曾经被监禁和有精神障碍的人,物质使用障碍,或者两者都比没有这些特征的人更不可能就业。远程学习和教育(DLE)系统越来越多地融入临床护理,并提供了传播职业服务的途径。DLE系统可以帮助有障碍的人访问服务,包括没有交通工具的人,经历无家可归,生活在农村地区,或者是谁在家里。这项研究评估了一个DLE系统的有效性,COMPASS计划,协助患有精神或物质使用障碍的前被监禁的退伍军人获得就业。
    作者使用一项随机对照试验,比较了接受COMPASS干预的39名美国退伍军人与接受自修职业手册的43名退伍军人的就业结果。所有参与者以前都有法律定罪,并且有精神障碍,物质使用障碍,或者两者兼而有之。COMPASS系统通过异步(在线实践作业,阅读,和视频)和同步(视频和电话练习采访和现场聊天)方法。COMPASS干预中未提供亲自职业服务。
    在6个月时,被分配接受COMPASS干预的参与者更有可能找到工作,定义为1天的竞争性就业,与那些被分配接受自学手册的人相比(64%与35%,分别)-并更快地找到工作。
    这项研究的发现为COMPASS系统提供就业服务的有效性提供了证据,并表明这些服务可能使其他弱势群体受益。
    UNASSIGNED: People with previous incarceration and a mental disorder, a substance use disorder, or both are less likely to obtain employment than are those without these characteristics. Distance learning and education (DLE) systems are increasingly being integrated into clinical care and provide a pathway to disseminate vocational services. DLE systems can help reach people with barriers to accessing services, including people without transportation, experiencing homelessness, living in rural areas, or who are homebound. This study evaluated the effectiveness of one DLE system, the COMPASS program, in assisting formerly incarcerated veterans with a mental or substance use disorder to obtain employment.
    UNASSIGNED: The authors used a randomized controlled trial to compare employment outcomes of 39 U.S. veterans receiving the COMPASS intervention with those of 43 veterans receiving a paper self-study vocational manual. All participants had previous legal convictions and had a mental disorder, a substance use disorder, or both. The COMPASS system provided vocational services through asynchronous (online practice assignments, reading, and videos) and synchronous (video and telephone practice interviews and live chats) methods. No in-person vocational services were provided in the COMPASS intervention.
    UNASSIGNED: At 6 months, participants assigned to receive the COMPASS intervention were more likely to have found employment, defined as 1 day of competitive employment, compared with those assigned to receive the self-study manual (64% vs. 35%, respectively)-and to have found employment faster.
    UNASSIGNED: This study\'s findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the COMPASS system in providing employment services and suggest that these services may benefit other vulnerable populations.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:很少有关于远程医疗使用的研究侧重于患者家属和医生之间的咨询。这项研究旨在确定与传统的面对面咨询相比,与患者家属进行在线医疗咨询的用法和局限性。
    方法:我们于2020年4月1日至2021年9月30日在日本一家教育急性护理医院进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。该研究包括20岁或以上的住院患者及其家庭成员,在住院期间进行家庭成员和医生之间的在线或面对面医疗咨询。评估的主要终点是与医疗咨询有关的三个主题:医疗条件和治疗计划,针对危及生命事件的政策,和出院后的支持。次要终点是所需的咨询次数。
    结果:为58和53名患者家属提供了在线咨询和传统的面对面咨询,分别。在线咨询小组中接受多次咨询的患者中,46人(79%)也接受了面对面的咨询。关于主题,两个咨询小组中的所有患者家属都就医疗条件和治疗计划进行了咨询;关于危及生命事件的政策,在线咨询小组中有47%的患者家属接受了咨询,而当面小组中有53%的患者家属接受了咨询。关于放电后的支持,在线组中59%的患者家属接受了咨询,而当面组中则为40%。在由58名患者家属组成的在线咨询小组中,进行了188次磋商,包括95次在线咨询和93次面对面咨询。关于危及生命事件政策的咨询在面对面咨询中明显高于在线咨询(p<0.05)。关于放电后的支持,在线咨询明显高于面对面咨询(p<0.05).参加在线咨询的家庭成员数量明显高于参加面对面咨询的家庭成员(p<0.05)。
    结论:医生和患者家属之间的在线咨询可能是解释医疗状况和治疗计划的面对面咨询的替代方法。然而,面对面咨询在敏感话题中仍然发挥着重要作用,如危及生命事件的政策咨询。
    BACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted on the usage of telehealth focusing on consultations between patients\' families and physicians. This study aimed to identify the usage and limitations of online medical consultations with patients\' families compared to the traditional in-person consultations.
    METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study from April 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, at an educational acute-care hospital in Japan. The study included hospitalized patients aged 20 years or older and their family members for whom an online or in-person medical consultation between the family member and physician was conducted during the hospitalization period. The primary endpoints assessed were three topics pertaining to medical consultation: medical conditions and treatment plans, policies for life-threatening events, and post-discharge support. The secondary endpoint was the number of consultations required.
    RESULTS: Online consultations and traditional in-person consultations were provided to 58 and 53 patients\' families, respectively. Of the patients in the online consultation group who underwent multiple consultations, 46 (79%) also underwent in-person consultations. Regarding the topics, all the patients\' families in both consultation groups had consultations on medical conditions and treatment plans; regarding the policy for life-threatening events, 47% of patient families in the online consultation group were consulted compared to 53% of those in the in-person group. Regarding post-discharge support, 59% of patient families in the online group were consulted compared to 40% in the in-person group. In the online consultation group of 58 patients\' families, 188 consultations were conducted, including 95 online and 93 in-person consultations. Consultations on policy for life-threatening events were significantly more frequent in in-person consultations than in online consultations (p < 0.05). Regarding post-discharge support, online consultations were significantly more frequent than in-person consultations (p < 0.05). The number of family members who attended online consultations was significantly higher than those who attended in-person consultations (p < 0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS: Online consultation between the physician and patient\'s family may be an alternative to in-person consultation for explaining medical conditions and treatment plans. However, in-person consultation still plays an important role in sensitive topics, such as policy consultation for life-threatening events.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Wi-Fi是我们媒体实践中不可或缺的宝贵组成部分。无线网络融入了我们的媒体环境,就基础设施的重要性而言,变得与电或水相当。本文通过关注美国和欧洲之间在无线技术发展轨迹方面的紧张关系,为IEEE802.11标准的未开发历史提供了新的跨国视角。目标是通过跨国视角分析无线网络的标准化,并有助于增强对Wi-Fi技术全球扩散的理解。讨论了Wi-Fi技术跨国发展的四个特定方面:美国和欧洲标准之间的竞争,以数据传输为重点的本构选择,无线电频谱可用性,以及网络认证的特殊性。
    Wi-Fi is an integral and invaluable part of our media practices. Wireless networks are blended into our media environment and, in terms of infrastructural importance, have become comparable with electricity or water. This article offers a new transnational perspective on the underexplored history of IEEE 802.11 standards by focusing on the tensions between the United States and Europe in terms of development trajectories of wireless technology. The goal is to analyze the standardization of wireless networking through a transnational lens and to contribute to enhanced understanding of the global proliferation of Wi-Fi technology. Four particular aspects of the transnational development of Wi-Fi technology are discussed: the rivalry between US and European standards, the constitutive choice to focus on data transmission, radio spectrum availability, and the peculiarities of network authentication.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    心电病理学,作为远程咨询的一个子集,是远处进行的病理学解释。心电病理学不是一个新现象,但自2015年以来,信息技术和电信的显著进步加上大流行导致了前所未有的复杂性,可访问性,以及心灵感应病理学在人类和兽医学中的应用。此外,远程病理学可以将兽医实践与遥远的实验室联系起来,并为服务不足的动物和社区提供支持。通过我们的范围审查,我们概述了如何在兽医学中使用心灵感应病理学,找出文献中的空白,并强调未来的研究和服务发展领域。我们搜索了MEDLINE,CAB文摘,和灰色文学,包括所有相关文献。尽管在大型兽医诊断实验室中广泛使用数字显微镜,我们发现,描述心灵感应在兽医学中使用的文献很少,在验证全载玻片成像用于主要诊断的研究中存在显著差距。还确定了未充分利用心灵感应病理学来支持在该领域进行的尸检,这表明了服务发展的潜在领域。在兽医学中,心灵感应的使用越来越多,病理学家必须跟上不断变化的技术,确保创新技术的验证,并确定新颖的用途来推进职业发展。
    Telepathology, as a subset of teleconsulting, is pathology interpretation performed at a distance. Telepathology is not a new phenomenon, but since ~2015, significant advances in information technology and telecommunications coupled with the pandemic have led to unprecedented sophistication, accessibility, and use of telepathology in human and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, telepathology can connect veterinary practices to distant laboratories and provide support for underserved animals and communities. Through our scoping review, we provide an overview of how telepathology is being used in veterinary medicine, identify gaps in the literature, and highlight future areas of research and service development. We searched MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, and the gray literature, and included all relevant literature. Despite the widespread use of digital microscopy in large veterinary diagnostic laboratories, we identified a paucity of literature describing the use of telepathology in veterinary medicine, with a significant gap in studies addressing the validation of whole-slide imaging for primary diagnosis. Underutilization of telepathology to support postmortem examinations conducted in the field was also identified, which indicates a potential area for service development. The use of telepathology is increasing in veterinary medicine, and pathologists must keep pace with the changing technology, ensure the validation of innovative technologies, and identify novel uses to advance the profession.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景技术远程医疗已被认为是解决诸如尼日利亚的发展中国家医疗专业人员短缺的可行解决方案。远程神经学有可能为患有神经系统疾病的患者提供远程咨询和护理,从而减轻旅行负担并改善获得医疗服务的机会。尽管它越来越受欢迎,在尼日利亚,缺乏关于患者对这种护理模式的看法的研究。这项研究旨在调查尼日利亚患者对远程神经病学使用的看法。方法在OlabisiOnabanjo大学教学医院的398名神经病患者中进行了描述性横断面研究,Sagamu,奥贡州,尼日利亚。使用描述性统计和卡方检验(p<0.05)分析获得的数据。结果只有3%的受访者以前使用过远程医疗,78.1%的受访者愿意使用远程医疗作为咨询手段。指出的远程医疗的缺点包括在评估神经状态方面的局限性(94.7%),解释健康状况的困难(84.4%),缺乏技术支持(14.6%)。大多数受访者(96.5%)认为远程医疗将有助于节省时间。使用远程医疗的倾向与住院时间(0.045)和下班时间(<0.001)之间存在统计学上的显着关联。使用远程医疗的倾向在使用电子邮件(0.001)和电子邮件地址类型(0.001)方面具有统计学意义。结论研究结果表明,医疗保健提供者和政策制定者需要投资开发远程医疗,以改善获得护理的机会。
    Background Telemedicine has been recognized as a viable solution for addressing the shortage of medical professionals in developing countries such as Nigeria. Tele-neurology has the potential to provide remote consultations and care for patients with neurological conditions, thereby reducing the burden of travel and improving access to medical care. Despite its growing popularity, there is a lack of research on patient\'s views on this mode of care delivery in Nigeria. This study was conducted to investigate patient\'s perspectives on the use of tele-neurology in Nigeria. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 neurology patients at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test using p < 0.05. Results Only 3% of our respondents had previously used telemedicine, with 78.1% of the respondents open to using telemedicine as a means of consultation. The disadvantages of telemedicine noted include limitations in assessing neurological status (94.7%), difficulty in explaining health conditions (84.4%), and lack of technical support (14.6%). The majority of respondents (96.5%) believed telemedicine will help in saving time. There was a statistically significant association between propensity to use telemedicine and time spent in the hospital (0.045) and time off work (<0.001). The propensity to use telemedicine was statistically significant to the use of email (0.001) and type of email address (0.001). Conclusion The findings suggested that there is a need for healthcare providers and policymakers to invest in developing telemedicine to improve access to care.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    为应对全球气候风险,推动能源转型已成为全球共识。我国于2010年出台了促进三大信息产业融合的改革政策,即广播电视网络,电信网络和互联网(TPR政策)。然而,信息产业的融合能够促进能源转型吗?本研究以中国的TPR政策作为产业融合的代表性案例,构建了一个准自然的实验框架。利用中国2003-2016年的城市面板数据和多期差异模型,本研究考察了TPR政策对能源转型的影响。结果表明,TPR政策在1%的显著性水平上对能源转型做出了积极贡献。广泛的稳健性测试支持这一发现。在通信基础设施欠发达和环境法规更严格的地区,这种积极影响尤其明显。机制分析表明,TPR政策通过提高信息网络水平促进能源转型,推动技术创新,优化产业结构。本文的研究结果强调了信息产业融合在促进能源转型中的重要性。
    To cope with global climate risks, promoting energy transformation has become a global consensus. China issued a reform policy in 2010 to promote the convergence of the three major information industries, namely broadcasting and television networks, telecommunications networks and the Internet (TPR policy). However, is the convergence of information industries able to promote energy transition? This study constructs a quasi-natural experimental framework using China\'s TPR policy as a representative case of industrial convergence. Using city-level panel data between 2003 and 2016 in China and a multi-period difference-in-differences model, this study examines the impact of TPR policy on energy transition. The results show that TPR policy positively contributes to energy transition at a 1% significance level. Extensive robustness tests support this finding. This positive effect is particularly evident in regions with less developed communications infrastructure and stricter environmental regulations. Mechanism analysis suggests that TPR policy promotes energy transition by improving the level of information networks, promoting technological innovation, and optimizing industrial structure. The findings of this paper emphasize the importance of information industry convergence in facilitating energy transformation.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    为行为健康技术的用户提供人力支持可以帮助促进必要的参与和数字工具在精神卫生保健中的临床整合。一个团队进行了数字导航员培训,教参与者如何促进顾客的数字素养,评估和推荐健康应用程序,并解释智能手机数据。作者培训了来自21个组织的80名参与者,证明这次训练的可行性,可接受性,和需要。个案研究探讨此培训课程的实施。随着技术在精神卫生保健方面的潜力扩大,培训可以授权数字导航员,以确保数字工具的使用被告知,公平,和临床相关。
    Providing human support for users of behavioral health technology can help facilitate the necessary engagement and clinical integration of digital tools in mental health care. A team conducted digital navigator training that taught participants how to promote patrons\' digital literacy, evaluate and recommend health apps, and interpret smartphone data. The authors trained 80 participants from 21 organizations, demonstrating this training\'s feasibility, acceptability, and need. Case studies explore the implementation of this training curriculum. As technology\'s potential in mental health care expands, training can empower digital navigators to ensure that the use of digital tools is informed, equitable, and clinically relevant.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    尽管爱尔兰是跨大西洋电报通信的中心,作为英国的一个组成部分,岛上的电报通常只是奖学金的脚注。然而,电报在爱尔兰产生了重大影响,加快内部和外部沟通时间。本文首次对电报的扩展进行了全面的研究,从1850年代到达爱尔兰到1870年国有化前夕。它显示了爱尔兰作为通往北美的电报门户的地理位置,1853年后,爱尔兰经济严重融入英国,电报与铁路网络之间的关系以独特的方式塑造了爱尔兰电报。
    Despite Ireland\'s centrality to transatlantic telegraphic communication and as an integral part of the United Kingdom, telegraphy on the island is often merely a footnote in the scholarship. Yet telegraphy had a significant impact in Ireland, accelerating internal and external communication times. This article provides the first comprehensive study of telegraphy\'s expansion, from its arrival in Ireland in the 1850s until the eve of nationalization in 1870. It shows how Ireland\'s geographical position as a telegraphic gateway to North America, the heavy integration of Ireland\'s economy into Britain after 1853, and the relationship between telegraphy and the rail network shaped Irish telegraphy in unique ways.
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