背景:本研究旨在评估烟草制品的使用与味觉和嗅觉障碍之间的关系。
方法:对来自国家健康访谈调查(NHIS)2021调查周期的横截面数据进行二次数据集分析,对非制度化的美国平民进行具有全国代表性的年度横断面采访,被使用。使用自我报告的问题评估参与者的嗅觉和味觉。参与者根据他们的烟草使用情况分为五组:非烟草使用者;仅香烟;仅电子烟;雪茄,管道,或无烟烟草;和多烟草产品使用者。疾病被定义为任何自我报告的嗅觉困难,品尝,或报告难闻的气味或持久的味道。加权程序被用来估计全国味觉流行率,气味,和其他疾病,按使用的烟草产品分层。使用调整后的逻辑回归模型来确定与非烟草使用者相比所使用的烟草产品与味道或气味之间的关联。
结果:共有4020万美国成年人报告经历了嗅觉或味觉障碍。近十分之一的成年人报告味觉障碍(9.8%),13.4%的人表示有嗅觉障碍。味觉或嗅觉障碍在女性中的患病率较高(17.5%),西班牙裔(19.5%),被认定为“其他”种族少数群体的个人(21.1%),低收入群体(21%)。与非烟草使用者相比,经历嗅觉或味觉障碍的几率最高的是聚烟草产品使用者(调整后的优势比,AOR=1.44;95%CI:1.31-1.58),其次是纯电子烟用户(AOR=1.38;95%CI:1.02-1.87),仅吸烟者(AOR=1.17;95%CI:1.04-1.32),和雪茄的使用者,管道,或无烟烟草(AOR=1.15;1.00;和1.33;分别)。
结论:烟草产品的使用与嗅觉和味觉障碍的风险增加有关。青少年和年轻人使用电子烟的增加尤其令人担忧,因为人们对电子烟的感官效果了解有限,并且在年轻人群中越来越受欢迎。研究结果强调需要采取旨在减少各种烟草使用的干预措施。
BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the relationship between use of tobacco products and taste and smell disorders.
METHODS: A secondary dataset analysis of cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2021 survey cycle, a nationally representative annual cross-sectional interview of non-institutionalized US civilians, was used. Participants\' senses of smell and taste are assessed using self-reported questions. Participants were categorized into five groups based on their tobacco use: non-tobacco users; cigarettes only; e-cigarettes only; cigar, pipe, or smokeless tobacco; and poly-tobacco product users. Disorders were defined as any self-reported difficulty in smelling, tasting, or reporting unpleasant odors or persistent tastes. Weighting procedures were used to estimate the national prevalence of taste, smell, and other disorders, stratified by tobacco products used. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine the association between tobacco products used and taste or smell compared to non-tobacco users.
RESULTS: A total of 40.2 million US adults reported experiencing smell or taste disorders. Nearly one in 10 adults reported a taste disorder (9.8%), and 13.4% indicated a smell disorder. The prevalence of taste or smell disorder was higher among females (17.5%), Hispanics (19.5%), individuals identified as \'other\' racial minorities (21.1%), and lower income groups (21%). Compared to non-tobacco users, the highest odds of experiencing smell or taste disorders were among poly-tobacco product users (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.31-1.58), followed by e-cigarette-only users (AOR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.02-1.87), cigarette-only smokers (AOR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.04-1.32), and users of cigars, pipes, or smokeless tobacco (AOR=1.15; 1.00; and 1.33; respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco product use was associated with an increased risk of smell and taste disorders. The rising use of e-cigarettes among adolescents and young adults is particularly concerning given the limited understanding of the sensory effects of e-cigarettes and their growing popularity among younger populations. The study findings highlight the need for interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use of all kinds.