随着养猪规模化、集约化生产的快速发展,养猪场的气溶胶排放日益引起人们的关注,引起广泛关注。虽然气溶胶存在于各种环境中,猪场的猪场与人类栖息地不同,比如住宅,郊区,郊区和城市地区。为了全面了解养猪场的气溶胶,本文回顾了2000年至2022年间进行的相关研究。主要组成部分,浓度,系统评价了气溶胶的粒径分布。比较了猪场气溶胶与人类生活和工作环境之间的差异。最后,的来源,影响因素,彻底阐明了猪场气溶胶的减少技术。结果表明,猪场内气溶胶的浓度差异很大,大多数都超过了安全门槛。然而,需要进一步探索,以充分了解猪场和人类生活和工作环境之间的空气微生物群落结构和小尺寸颗粒(<1μm)的差异。更多的空气细菌和病毒粘附在猪舍的大颗粒上,而可吸入部分中空气传播真菌的比例与人类生活和工作环境相似。此外,猪场具有较高的丰度和多样性的潜在病原体,与人类生活和工作环境相比,空气传播的抗性微生物和抗性基因。猪场的气溶胶主要来自粪便等来源,饲料,猪的毛发和皮肤,二次生产,和废物处理。根据猪场气溶胶的来源分析和影响因素,可以采用各种技术来减少气溶胶排放,一些末端技术在广泛应用之前需要进一步改进。建议养猪场不要增加人类生活和工作环境中的气溶胶浓度,以减少猪场气溶胶对人体健康的影响,抑制空气中潜在病原体的传播。这篇综述提供了对猪场气溶胶的重要见解,为采取适当措施提高猪场内部和周围的空气质量提供指导。
With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive swine production, the emission of aerosols from swine farms has become a growing concern, attracting extensive attention. While aerosols are found in various environments, those from swine farms are distinguished from human habitats, such as residential, suburban, and urban areas. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of aerosols from swine farms, this paper reviewed relevant studies conducted between 2000 and 2022. The main components, concentrations, and size distribution of the aerosols were systematically reviewed. The differences between aerosols from swine farms and human living and working environments were compared. Finally, the sources, influencing factors, and reduction technologies for aerosols from swine farms were thoroughly elucidated. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of aerosols inside swine farms varied considerably, and most exceeded safety thresholds. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand the difference in airborne microorganism community structure and particles with small sizes (<1 μm) between swine farms and human living and working environments. More airborne bacterial and viruses were adhered to large particles in swine houses, while the proportion of airborne fungi in the respirable fraction was similar to that of human living and working environments. In addition, swine farms have a higher abundance and diversity of potential pathogens, airborne resistant microorganisms and resistant genes compared to the human living and working environments. The aerosols of swine farms mainly originated from sources such as manure, feed, swine hair and skin, secondary production, and waste treatment. According to the source analysis and factors influencing aerosols in swine farms, various technologies could be employed to mitigate aerosol emissions, and some end-of-pipe technologies need to be further improved before they are widely applied. Swine farms are advised not to increase aerosol concentration in human living and working environments, in order to decrease the impact of aerosols from swine farms on human health and restrain the spread of airborne potential pathogens. This review provides critical insights into aerosols of swine farms, offering guidance for taking appropriate measures to enhance air quality inside and surrounding swine farms.