The Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model is not suitable for Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the high-speed cutting finite element simulation, as it has no response dynamic recrystallization softening effect under heavy impact and high temperature. In this paper, an improved constitutive model considering the recrystallization effect was established, and the parameters were fitted with the data of flow stress-strain of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test. The relevant theories of cutting finite element simulation were studied, such as nonlinear constitutive elastic-plastic deformation, strain state, and material yield. A subroutine that included the Recht shear failure instability criterion and the improved model was coded in Fortran and embedded in the finite element simulation software AdvantEdge FEM, along with the return mapping stress integration algorithm. The simulated stress of the improved model dropped dramatically from 460 MPa to 220 MPa when the temperature rises from 950 °C to 1000 °C, and its decline reached 46.7%, while the J-C model only decreased by 10%. Comparative studies indicate that the stress change of the improved constitutive simulation is closer to the SHPB test results than the J-C constitutive, and the new one is more suitable when it expresses the high temperature and heavy impact in the high-speed milling.

Cilia are important for the interaction with environments and the proper function of tissues. While the basic structure of cilia is well conserved, ciliated cells have various functions. To understand the distinctive identities of ciliated cells, the identification of cell-specific proteins and its regulation is essential. Here, we report the mechanism that confers a specific identity on IL2 neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, neurons important for the dauer larva-specific nictation behavior. We show that DAF-19M, an isoform of the sole C. elegans RFX transcription factor DAF-19, heads a regulatory subroutine, regulating target genes through an X-box motif variant under the control of terminal selector proteins UNC-86 and CFI-1 in IL2 neurons. Considering the conservation of DAF-19M module in IL2 neurons for nictation and in male-specific neurons for mating behavior, we propose the existence of an evolutionarily adaptable, hard-wired genetic module for distinct behaviors that share the feature \"recognizing the environment.\"

This data article presents the source codes and obtained simulation data for running numerical fracture simulation in the commercial finite element package, ABAQUS. The computational models implemented through these source codes pertain to the conventional and localizing gradient damage method which are used for the modelling of the fracture phenomena in the components and structures. For a detailed description refer to \"A comparative study and ABAQUS Implementation of Conventional and Localizing Gradient Enhanced Damage Models [1]\". The implementation is carried out using a feature in the ABAQUS software called the user defined subroutines. The subroutines are a set of coded files which are used to implement any newly developed computational models depicting actual physical phenomena which are not already available in any commercial software. The user subroutines used in this implementations are UEL and UMAT. The present implementation is very user friendly in the sense that the user needs to just type a couple of commands in the ABAQUS command application to run the simulations. Moreover, the ability of the ABAQUS to run large scale simulations using a very sparse amount of computational resources enables researchers and engineers with limited resources to take advantage of a very advanced computational fracture simulation technique.