■自1886年首次描述os齿状体以来,它的起源一直存在争议。许多病例系列和报告都显示了可能的先天性起源和继发性颅骨交界处(CVJ)创伤的起源。我们对260例经手术治疗的病例进行了详细分析,以记录最初的症状,年龄组,射线照相结果,和相关的异常,旨在加强对病因的确认。进行了文献检索(1970-2022)以关联我们的发现。
■共有260例患者接受了520例转诊数据库(1978-2022)的手术治疗。直到1984年,所有患者都根据需要进行了X线平片和骨髓造影检查,此后,已采用CT和MRI。调查了儿童早期(6岁以下)CVJ创伤的病史,包括从转诊和随后的随访中获取急诊科的初始射线照片。注意到相关的影像学和全身异常,跟着地图集的发展。
■患者的年龄在4至68岁之间,大多在10到20年之间。有176名男性和86名女性。在24例患者中发现了原位齿状突,236例患者患有齿形异位症。260名患者中有94名发现相关异常,73例表现出综合征异常,21例表现为ChiariI畸形。两组双胞胎有脊椎骨发育不良。260名患者中,156例经历了儿童早期创伤/。其中,54最初表现为正常的X光片,但后来表现为前图谱肥大。此外,观察到较小的后C1弓,导致齿状突的发展。根据MRI的记录,两名儿童最初有CVJ创伤,随后的经典发现了奥氏齿突和地图集的变化。综合征患者有较早的表现。文献综述证实了多因素病因。
■早期表现和相关异常(例如唐氏综合症,Klippel-Feil综合征,ChiariI畸形,脊椎骨phy发育不良,Morquio综合征,和其他)以及记录家庭的病例报告,世袭,和双胞胎的介绍强烈支持先天性起源。同样,手术并发症在综合征患者中更为普遍(40%),而在其他病例中为15%,正如文献报道的那样。早期儿童创伤病例中正常齿状突的记录以及齿状突的后期发展提供了证据,证明创伤是病因。此过程还涉及地图集和齿状突的形成中的血管变化。相关异常表现出较早的表现,仅在非创伤性起源的病例中可见。
UNASSIGNED: Since the first description of os odontoideum in 1886, its origin has been debated. Numerous case series and reports show both a possible congenital origin and origin from the secondary to craniovertebral junction (CVJ) trauma. We conducted a detailed analysis of 260 surgically treated cases to document the initial symptoms, age groups, radiographic findings, and associated abnormalities, aiming to enhance the confirmation of the etiology. A literature search (1970-2022) was performed to correlate our findings.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 260 patients underwent surgical management of a referral database of 520 cases (1978-2022). All patients were examined by plain radiography and myelotomography as needed until 1984, and since then, CT and MRI have been employed. History of early childhood (aged below 6 years) CVJ trauma was investigated, including obtaining emergency department\'s initial radiographs from the referral and subsequent follow-up. Associated radiographic and systemic abnormalities were noted, and the atlas development was followed.
UNASSIGNED: The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 68 years, mostly between 10 and 20 years. There were 176 males and 86 females. Orthotopic os odontoideum was identified in 24 patients, and 236 patients had dystopic os odontoideum. Associated abnormalities were found in 94 of 260 patients, with 73 exhibiting syndromic abnormalities and 21 having Chiari I malformation. Two sets of twins had spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Of 260 patients, 156 experienced early childhood trauma /. Among these, 54 initially presented with normal radiographs but later demonstrated anterior atlas hypertrophy. In addition, a smaller posterior C1 arch was observed, leading to the development of os odontoideum. Two children had initial CVJ trauma as documented by MRI, with subsequent classical findings of os odontoideum and atlas changes. Syndromic patients had an earlier presentation. The literature reviewed confirms the multifactorial etiology.
UNASSIGNED: The early presentation and associated abnormalities (such as Down syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, Chiari I malformation, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Morquio syndrome, and others) along with case reports documenting familial, hereditary, and twin presentations strongly support a congenital origin. Likewise, surgical complications are more prevalent in syndromic patients (40%) compared to 15% in other cases, as reported in the literature. The documentation of normal odontoid in early childhood trauma cases followed by the later development of os odontoideum provides evidence supporting trauma as an etiological factor. This process also involves vascular changes in both the atlas and the formation of os odontoideum. Associated abnormalities exhibit an earlier presentation and are only seen in cases with a non-traumatic origin.