盐度,由于各种污染物,是全球农作物种植的主要问题。土壤盐分导致渗透胁迫增加,氧化应激,特定离子毒性,植物营养缺乏,地下水污染,以及对生物地球化学循环的负面影响。浸出,流行的补救方法,是昂贵的,能源密集型,需要更多的淡水,并导致养分流失,导致耕地贫瘠和水体富营养化。此外,在与持久性有机污染物共同污染的土壤中,重金属,和纺织染料,浸出技术可能无效。它促进采用微生物修复作为一种有效和生态友好的方法。常见的微生物,如假单胞菌,木霉,而芽孢杆菌由于渗透胁迫常常难以在高盐条件下生存,离子不平衡,和蛋白质变性。嗜盐菌,能够承受高盐水条件,具有利用广谱有机污染物作为碳源和恢复污染环境的显著能力。此外,嗜盐菌可以在胁迫条件下促进植物生长并产生重要的生物酶。嗜盐微生物有助于增加土壤微生物多样性,污染物降解,稳定土壤结构,参与营养动态,生物地球化学循环,提高土壤肥力,和作物生长。这篇综述对污染物降解进行了深入分析,耐盐机制,以及植物-土壤-微生物的相互作用,并提供了对其土壤恢复潜力的整体观点。
Salinity, resulting from various contaminants, is a major concern to global crop cultivation. Soil salinity results in increased osmotic stress, oxidative stress, specific ion toxicity, nutrient deficiency in plants, groundwater contamination, and negative impacts on biogeochemical cycles. Leaching, the prevailing remediation method, is expensive, energy-intensive, demands more fresh water, and also causes nutrient loss which leads to infertile cropland and eutrophication of water bodies. Moreover, in soils co-contaminated with persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and textile dyes, leaching techniques may not be effective. It promotes the adoption of microbial remediation as an effective and eco-friendly method. Common microbes such as Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, and Bacillus often struggle to survive in high-saline conditions due to osmotic stress, ion imbalance, and protein denaturation. Halophiles, capable of withstanding high-saline conditions, exhibit a remarkable ability to utilize a broad spectrum of organic pollutants as carbon sources and restore the polluted environment. Furthermore, halophiles can enhance plant growth under stress conditions and produce vital bio-enzymes. Halophilic microorganisms can contribute to increasing soil microbial diversity, pollutant degradation, stabilizing soil structure, participating in nutrient dynamics, bio-geochemical cycles, enhancing soil fertility, and crop growth. This review provides an in-depth analysis of pollutant degradation, salt-tolerating mechanisms, and plant-soil-microbe interaction and offers a holistic perspective on their potential for soil restoration.