背景:关于青少年中不同风险因素与心理健康之间复杂关系的更深入证据已得到证实。因此,这项研究的目的是研究经历社会压力的直接和间接影响,欺凌,青春期心理健康问题的社会支持较低。
方法:2022年对15823名挪威青少年进行了一项基于学校的横断面研究,13-19岁。结构方程模型被用来评估社会经济地位之间的关系,社会压力,欺凌,社会支持,抑郁症状,自我伤害和自杀的想法。
结果:家庭经济差和父母教育程度低与高压力有关,低父母支持和抑郁症状的男性和女性。此外,贫穷的家庭经济与男性和女性的欺凌行为和欺凌受害有关,和女性网络欺凌受害,但不是男性。父母受教育程度低与男性的欺凌受害有关,但不是女性。Further,高社会压力与男性和女性的抑郁症状有关,而高社会压力与女性的自我伤害和自杀想法有关,但不是男性。欺凌受害和网络欺凌受害与抑郁症状有关,自我伤害,男性和女性的自杀想法。欺凌受害与男性的抑郁症状有关,但不是女性,而欺凌行为与女性的自我伤害和自杀想法有关,但不是男性。父母的低支持与欺凌行为有关,欺凌受害,抑郁症状,男性和女性的自我伤害和自杀想法,而父母的低支持与女性的高社会压力有关,但不是男性。低教师支持与高社会压力和抑郁症状有关。朋友的低支持与欺凌受害有关,男性和女性的抑郁症状和自杀想法,而朋友的低支持与男性的自我伤害有关,但不是女性。最后,结果显示,男性和女性的抑郁症状与自我伤害和自杀念头有关。
结论:社会经济地位低,社会压力,在挪威青少年中,欺凌和低社会支持与抑郁症状和自我导向暴力直接和间接相关.
BACKGROUND: More in-depth evidence about the complex relationships between different risk factors and mental health among adolescents has been warranted. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of experiencing social pressure, bullying, and low social support on mental health problems in adolescence.
METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 among 15 823 Norwegian adolescents, aged 13-19 years. Structural Equation Modelling was used to assess the relationships between socioeconomic status, social pressure, bullying, social support, depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts.
RESULTS: Poor family economy and low parental education were associated with high pressure, low parental support and depressive symptoms in males and females. Moreover, poor family economy was associated with bullying perpetration and bullying victimization among males and females, and cyberbullying victimization among females, but not males. Low parental education was associated with bullying victimization among males, but not females. Further, high social pressure was associated with depressive symptoms among males and females, whereas high social pressure was linked to self-harm and suicide thoughts among females, but not males. Bullying victimization and cyberbullying victimization were associated with depressive symptoms, self-harm, and suicide thoughts among males and females. Bullying victimization was associated with depressive symptoms among males, but not females, whereas bullying perpetration was linked to self-harm and suicide thoughts among females, but not males. Low parental support was associated with bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts among males and females, whereas low parental support was associated with high social pressure among females, but not males. Low teacher support was associated with high social pressure and depressive symptoms. Low support from friends was associated with bullying victimization, depressive symptoms and suicide thoughts among males and females, whereas low support from friends was linked to self-harm among males, but not females. Finally, results showed that depressive symptoms were associated with self-harm and suicide thoughts among males and females.
CONCLUSIONS: Low socioeconomic status, social pressure, bullying and low social support were directly and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms and self-directed violence among Norwegian adolescents.