Although the notion of social entrepreneurship is not new to us today, it has not yet gained widespread acceptance and development in Vietnam. Although there are numerous study publications on the relationship between empathy and social entrepreneurial intentions, this problem has yet to be studied much in the context of Vietnam\'s, particularly among youth. The goal of this study is to see if young empathy is linked to their desire to start a social enterprise. Reliability analysis using PLS-SEM software and a binary regression model will be used to examine data obtained from 339 university students in Vietnam. According to the findings, as well as the theory of planned behavior and the theory of action phases, (1) empathy does not directly affect social business intention, but rather indirectly through two mechanisms, social worth and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and (2) individuals who are confident in their own abilities have more social entrepreneurship intentions. We provide recommendations based on these findings to inspire young people to pursue social entrepreneurship, contribute to the development of a sustainable economy, and contribute positive values to society.

BACKGROUND: Existing models to increase TB case notifications from the private sector in Pakistan are financially unsustainable and have achieved modest success due to limited coverage.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a social enterprise model (SEM) intervention on TB case detection in Karachi, Pakistan, and to assess its financial sustainability.
METHODS: Purpose-built centres were established within the private sector that integrated TB screening, diagnostics and treatment and operated 12 hours per day with convenient locations to improve access. TB services were offered free of cost, and revenue generation took place through user fees from other diagnostics. Private providers with a focus on the informal sector were engaged through community workers to generate screening referrals.
RESULTS: Overall 171,488 people were screened and 18,683 cases were notified, including 197 individuals with drug-resistant TB. Annual TB notifications in Karachi increased from 18,105 in 2014 to a maximum of 25,840 (40% increase). The proportion of cases in Karachi notified by the centres grew to 27% in 2020. Commercial revenue reached USD288,065 and enabled operating cost recovery of 15%. Average cost per TB case notified was USD203.
CONCLUSIONS: The SEM intervention contributed a large proportion of notifications in Karachi and achieved modest cost recovery.
BACKGROUND: Les modèles existants visant à augmenter les notifications de cas de TB par le secteur privé au Pakistan ne sont pas viables financièrement et n\'ont obtenu qu\'un succès modeste en raison d\'une couverture limitée.
OBJECTIVE: Évaluer l\'impact d\'un modèle déntreprise sociale (SEM, pour l’anglais « social entreprise model ») sur la détection des cas de TB à Karachi, au Pakistan, et évaluer sa viabilité financière.
UNASSIGNED: Des centres spécialisés ont été créés dans le secteur privé. Ils intègrent le dépistage, le diagnostic et le traitement de la TB et fonctionnent 12 heures par jour dans des lieux adaptés afin dén faciliter l\'accès. Les services de lutte contre la TB étaient gratuits et les recettes provenaient des frais d\'utilisation des autres diagnostics. Des prestataires privés, axés sur le secteur informel, ont été engagés par l\'intermédiaire d\'agents communautaires pour orienter les patients vers les services de dépistage.
UNASSIGNED: Au total, 171 488 personnes ont été dépistées et 18 683 cas ont été notifiés, dont 197 personnes atteintes de TB résistante aux médicaments. Les notifications annuelles de TB à Karachi sont passées de 18 105 en 2014 à un maximum de 25 840 (augmentation de 40%). La proportion de cas à Karachi notifiés par les centres est passée à 27% en 2020. Les recettes commerciales ont atteint 288 065 USD et ont permis un recouvrement des coûts déxploitation de 15%. Le coût moyen par cas de TB notifié était de 203 USD.
CONCLUSIONS: L\'intervention SEM a contribué à une grande proportion de notifications à Karachi et a permis un modeste recouvrement des coûts.

Social entrepreneurship (SE) plays a positive role in addressing a range of social issues, and thus it is essential to study how to promote SE. Using panel data from 282 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2021, this study explores the mechanism through which digital inclusive finance affects SE. The results indicate that digital inclusive finance has a positive impact on SE, which still holds after considering endogeneity and undergoing a series of robustness tests. In addition, mechanism analysis shows that digital inclusive finance affects SE by alleviating financing constraints and promoting common prosperity. Furthermore, the effect of digital inclusive finance is stronger in cities with a strong Buddhist culture and more judicially civilized. Policy recommendations are also proposed.

Given the direct relationship between business ownership and economic vibrancy within communities of color, this research explores a tailored approach for addressing persistent race-based economic disparities inhibiting business ownership in communities of color. While significant evidence exists regarding the need for access to capital, education, and the market to improve the sustainability of businesses of color, this research demonstrates the need for an additional component (the \"Fourth Dimension\") to spur the development of thriving, socially oriented Black-owned business communities. We envision the \"Fourth Dimension\" comprising a collaborative, community-oriented social growth strategy for small Black-owned businesses implemented through enhanced and deliberate cooperative, community-supported market engagement.

Social entrepreneurship is a cross-cutting competency. It draws on knowledge from various disciplines and personal experiences. Health, social sciences and humanities are usually technically sound but lack specific business knowledge and skills. Entrepreneurial education makes it possible to establish training environments where students join as \'novices\', develop skills and undergo experiences that help them build capable profiles and prepare for their professional careers in today\'s economy. It is important to note that the development of skills for social entrepreneurship is increasingly demanded in all disciplinary fields. Interest from the academic, business and civil society in social innovation and social entrepreneurship is growing rapidly since social value creation and social innovation are considered vital to the social entrepreneurship phenomenon. The innovation process aims to fill the gap between working life and educational framework so that students can develop innovation capabilities they will need during their careers. Taking cognizance of the importance of social innovation and entrepreneurship, the Government of India formulated a policy for Biomedical Innovation and Entrepreneurship in 2022. Our University established a first of its kind Social Innovation Lab (SinnoLAB) under a Collaborative European Union Project. Our University is one of the collaborating partners and the only health sciences university to set up a SinnoLAB in India. We discuss in this article how a SinnoLaB can be set up, its functions, need for such labs in medical institutes, its role in medical education and its beneficiaries and propose that other health sciences institutes can also take up social innovation and entrepreneurship considering the benefits to all stakeholders.

This pilot study assesses barriers to obtaining healthy affordable food and the early-stage acceptability of a novel subsidized healthy frozen meal product designed to address food insecurity and nutritional status among corner store customers in rural North Carolina. A convenience sample of 50 customers were surveyed to examine the perceived availability of healthy food options, barriers to maintaining healthy diets, food shopping and consumption habits, and reception of the product. Findings confirmed barriers to obtaining healthy foods that the product seeks to address, the validity of corner stores as the intervention site, and approval of the product\'s taste and concept.

The world is facing challenges to reduce carbon emissions, the complex interplay between socioeconomic dynamics and environmental sustainability is of utmost importance. In the context of the BRICS nations-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa-this study explores the intricate interactions between institutional entrepreneurship, institutional innovation, poverty reduction, social globalization, urbanization, and social entrepreneurship as well as their combined effects on the carbon footprint over the period of 1990 to 2021. This work examines the multi-dimensional interactions inside this nexus using a thorough analytical strategy that includes the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS), and Robust regression approaches. Institutional entrepreneurship and innovation are the main forces behind institutional change and may have an impact on how people behave in terms of the environment. Strategies for reducing poverty frequently involve greater resource usage, which has an impact on carbon footprint. Examining social globalization\'s impact on carbon footprints is necessary given how it affects consumer habits and economic activity. Rapid urbanization is a dual problem because it spurs both increased energy demand and novel sustainability measures. With its emphasis on community-driven solutions, social entrepreneurship can provide regional solutions to reduce poverty and carbon emissions. The study\'s findings provide policymakers, practitioners, and researchers with insights into the complex web of socio-economic factors that underlies carbon footprint fluctuations. This research paves the way for informed policy decisions, sustainable business practices, and the pursuit of harmonious development that addresses both economic aspirations and environmental imperatives within the BRICS countries by illuminating the connections between institutional entrepreneurship, innovation, poverty reduction, social globalization, urbanization, social entrepreneurship, and carbon emissions.

Social entrepreneurship has grown worldwide in recent decades as it attempts to create and implement innovative solutions to social and environmental issues through business strategies. The aim of this study was to explore what motivates public health social entrepreneurs to act, the challenges and barriers they face, achievements, and competencies required for success. As such, we interviewed 15 social entrepreneurs in Israel. Budget issues, regulatory barriers, and struggles against powerful companies were the frequent barriers to success. The interviewees indicated several achievements at the health policy level by positioning and becoming an authority in the field, positively influencing other people\'s lives. They highlighted the importance of creativity, determination and courage, leadership, and the ability to persevere in the face of overwhelming adverse odds as essential for the social entrepreneur\'s success. Social entrepreneurship in public health is essential when struggling with health disparities. Nevertheless, recognizing that social entrepreneurship is not a substitute for methodological government planning and accountability is crucial.

To achieve Universal Health Coverage and the United Nations\' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda for 2030, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended the use of social enterprise, digital technology, and citizen engagement in the delivery of Integrated People-Centred Health Services (IPCHS) as part of its strategic vision for 21st century primary care.
We conducted a hermeneutic review of frameworks, models and theories on social enterprise, digital health, citizen engagement and IPCHS. This involved multiple iterative cycles of (i) searching and acquisition, followed by (ii) critical analysis and interpretation of literature to assemble arguments and evidence for conceptual relationships until information saturation was reached. This process identified a set of constructs which we synthesised into a testable framework.
Several interdisciplinary frameworks, models and theories explain how social enterprises could use digital technology, and citizen engagement to enable the technical and social integration required to facilitate people-centred primary care. Innovative approaches can be used to maintain financial sustainability while delivering IPCHS at lower cost to vulnerable and marginalised populations in both developed and developing countries.
This framework provides a theoretical grounding to guide empirical inquiry into how social enterprises use digital technology to engage citizens in co-producing IPCHS.

Opportunity as a construct has been widely examined in for-profit entrepreneurship research, but it is scarcely studied in the context of social entrepreneurship. It is being observed that many entrepreneurs venture into social enterprise because they perceive it as an opportunity. This study aims to address this phenomenon by extensively identifying the opportunity indicators that promote entrepreneurs to pursue social entrepreneurship. We accomplish this by employing a mixed-methods approach wherein we used both quantitative and qualitative data from experts and analysed it using a hybrid approach of Delphi rounds and the best-worst method. We identified 13 opportunity indicators from the literature, and in the first round of Delphi, four new indicators were added to the list by a panel of 24 experts drawn from industry and academia across India. In the second round of the Delphi method, 18 of the 24 experts took part and rated the importance of each indicator on a 5-point Likert scale. Depending on the availability of the experts, both rounds of Delphi were held in person and virtually. Based on the cut-off levels for standard deviation, interquartile range, and probability of occurrence, experts agreed on 16 indicators. Furthermore, a best-worst method approach was used to prioritise these indicators based on the opinions of industry and academic experts. The study used a theoretical lens of entrepreneurial opportunity and its two different views: objectively discovered and subjectively perceived. The results revealed a consensus among academicians and practitioners for objectively discovered opportunity indicators, which gave the highest priority to \"institutional support\" and \"funding opportunities.\"