育龄妇女(WCBA)和更年期妇女(WMENO)具有不同的营养需求。了解这些生命阶段的营养摄入量和状况对于定制饮食建议至关重要。
本研究的目的是评估食品和食品加补充剂的总估计常规营养素摄入量,并将其与WCBA和WMENO生命阶段的既定建议进行比较,并检查自我报告的估计常规摄入量与营养状况生物标志物之间的关联。
使用2011-2016年NHANES的24小时饮食召回数据来估计食物和食物中营养素的常规摄入量以及WCBA的补充剂(年龄15-44岁,n=4,134)和WMENO(40-65岁,n=3,438)。得出平均通常摄入量的估计值,并在临床定义的营养生物标志物类别中进行比较。
年轻人(15-30岁)和老年人(31-44岁)WCBA的食物摄入量均低于钙的估计平均需求量(EAR)(49%和44%,分别),镁(62%,44%),和维生素A(50%,44%),C(47%,46%),D(>97%,>97%),和E(92%,88%)。同样,围绝经期(40-50岁)和绝经期(51-65岁)妇女从低于EAR的食物中摄入钙(48%和74%,分别),镁(50%,49%),和维生素A(44%,37%),C(44%,41%),D(>97%,>97%),和E(88%,86%)。营养缺口随着补充剂的使用而减少。对于叶酸,维生素D和B-12以及DHA,最低生物标志物类别(表明缺乏风险增加)的女性从食物中的摄入量显着降低(315.2±25.9,而膳食叶酸当量为463.8±5.2微克,3.5±0.1与4.2±0.1µg相比,3.6±0.2与4.3±0.1µg相比,和0.037±0.005,而0.070±0.006g,分别;P<0.01)的相应营养素与最高生物标志物类别相比。
大量的WCBA和WMENO不符合多种营养素的建议,而补充剂的使用部分填补了营养缺口。膳食摄入量与大多数营养状况生物标志物呈正相关。需要具体的指导,以确保在这些关键的生命阶段有足够的营养摄入量和营养状况。
Women of childbearing age (WCBA) and women of menopausal age (WMENO) have distinct nutritional needs. Understanding nutrient intake and status in these life stages is critical for tailoring dietary recommendations.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate total estimated usual nutrient intakes from food and food plus supplements and to compare these to established recommendations for WCBA and WMENO life stages and examine associations between self-reported estimated usual intakes and nutrient status biomarkers.
Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from 2011-2016 NHANES were used to estimate usual intake of nutrients from food and food plus supplements for WCBA (aged 15-44 y, n = 4,134) and WMENO (aged 40-65 y, n = 3,438). Estimates of mean usual intake were derived and compared across clinically defined nutrient biomarker categories.
Both young (aged 15-30 y) and older (aged 31-44 y) WCBA had intakes from food below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for calcium (49% and 44%, respectively), magnesium (62%, 44%), and vitamins A (50%, 44%), C (47%, 46%), D (>97%, >97%), and E (92%, 88%). Similarly, perimenopausal (aged 40-50 y) and menopausal (aged 51-65 y) women had intakes from food below the EAR for calcium (48% and 74%, respectively), magnesium (50%, 49%), and vitamins A (44%, 37%), C (44%, 41%), D (>97%, >97%), and E (88%, 86%). Nutrient gaps decreased with supplement usage. For folate, vitamins D and B-12, and DHA, women in the lowest biomarker category (indicating increased risk of deficiency) had significantly lower intake from food (315.2 ± 25.9 compared with 463.8 ± 5.2 µg dietary folate equivalents, 3.5 ± 0.1 compared with 4.2 ± 0.1 µg, 3.6 ± 0.2 compared with 4.3 ± 0.1 µg, and 0.037 ± 0.005 compared with 0.070 ± 0.006 g, respectively; P < 0.01) of the corresponding nutrient compared with the highest biomarker category.
Substantial percentages of WCBA and WMENO are not meeting recommendations for multiple nutrients, whereas supplement usage partially fills nutrient gaps. Dietary intake was positively associated with most nutrient status biomarkers. Specific guidance is needed to ensure adequate nutrient intakes and nutrient status during these critical life stages.