Background: Blue-yellow axis dyschromatopsia is well-known in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) patients, but there were no data on the correlation between retinal structure and short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) values in this pathology. Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, we assessed the correlation between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), standard automated perimetry (SAP), SWAP, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters of 9 ADOA patients compared with healthy controls. Correlation analysis was performed between BCVA, mean deviation, pattern standard deviation (PSD), and fovea sensitivity (FS) values and the OCT thickness of each retinal layer and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). Results: The following significant and strong correlations were found: between BCVA and ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the global (G) pRNFL thicknesses; between SAP FS and GCL and the G-pRNFL thicknesses; between SWAP PSD and total retina, GCL, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner retinal layer and the temporal pRNFL thicknesses. We found a constant shorter duration of the SITA-SWAP compared with the SITA-STANDARD strategy. Conclusions: SWAP, SAP, and BCVA values provided relevant clinical information about retinal involvement in our ADOA patients. The perimetric functional parameters that seemed to correlate better with structure involvement were FS on SAP and PSD on SWAP.

To compare the retinal sensitivities between the blue-on-yellow perimetry (BYP)/short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and green-on-yellow perimetry (GYP) among patients with and without nuclear sclerosis among glaucoma suspects.
After ophthalmic examination, patients were subjected to two perimetric tests: BYP and GYP. The visual field (VF) parameters were compared between the two perimeters (p < 0.05 was considered significant).
Fifty-five eyes of 39 patients with a mean age of 60.53 ± 9.70 years were included in the study. Twenty-one eyes had clear lens or pseudophakia. Twenty-six eyes had lower grades of nuclear sclerosis (NO2NC2, NO3NC3) and eight eyes had higher grades of cataract (NO4NC4, NO5NC5). The mean retinal sensitivity (RS) in BYP was 22.08 ± 5.02 (dB) and in GYP was 23.84 ± 5.50 (dB) (p = 0.08). The mean defect in BYP was -2.56 ± 4.40 (dB) and in GYP was -3.24 ± 5.05 (dB), pattern standard deviation (PSD) in BYP was 3.65 ± 1.91 (dB) and in GYP was 3.83 ± 1.99 (dB), and foveal threshold (FT) was 24.20 ± 4.32 (dB) in BYP and 28.10 ± 4.50 (dB) in GYP. The two perimeters showed good agreement by the Bland-Altman plot for all parameters. Fourteen eyes showed perimetric changes suggestive of glaucoma by BYP. In these, GYP had a sensitivity of 92.86% (95% CI of 66.13% to 99.82%) and specificity of 95.12% (95% CI of 83.47% to 99.40%).
BYP and GYP show good agreement. They are comparable in clear media as well as in different grades of nuclear sclerosis. GYP showed good sensitivity and specificity compared to BYP.

UNASSIGNED: To search findings that can explain the heterogeneity between Resistant and Responsive patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy.
UNASSIGNED: This was a retrospective observational case series on \"Responsive\" versus \"Resistant\" birdshot chorioretinopathy.
UNASSIGNED: One-hundred-eighty and Ninety-nine patients were included in the Responsive and Resistant groups respectively. Multivariate analysis of paraclinical variables at the first visit demonstrated that mean deviation (p = .04), pattern standard deviation (p < .001), optic nerve head leakage (p = .012), large vessel leakage and staining (p = .01), and macular small vessel leakage (p = .03) were statistically significantly different between the two groups; however, at the visit preceding successful therapy, only macular small vessel leakage (p = .01) was statistically significantly different between the two groups.
UNASSIGNED: .Small vessel leakage in the macular area and/or optic nerve head leakage at the earliest visit might be risk factors for resistant birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Several studies showed that chronic ethanol exposure can cause color vision deficiencies. There has been no agreement about the axis of color defects due to alcohol misuse since changes in the red-green and the blue-yellow axis have been described in literature. The acute influence of alcohol on the blue-yellow color vision has not been studied as well. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute alcohol ingestion on blue-yellow color vision by using short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and anomaloscopy with the Moreland equation. This is the first study evaluating that question by using SWAP and anomaloscopy. Sixteen healthy subjects without a history of alcohol-related and ophthalmological problems were examined by SWAP and anomaloscopy (Moreland equation) before and after alcohol ingestion. Mean sensitivity (MS), mean deviation (MD), loss of variance (LV), reliability factor (RF), and duration of examination were assessed for perimetry and match midpoint (MP), matching range (MR), and duration of examination for anomaloscopy. Blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) were determined by gas chromatography and phosphatidylethanol concentrations (marker of an alcohol misuse) by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry in venous blood samples from a cubital vein. Mean blood BAC was 0.86 ± 0.20 g/kg while performing perimetry and 0.84 ± 0.20 g/kg while performing anomaloscopy (BAC: 0.1 g/kg ≈ 0.01 g/dL). MS, MD, RF, MP, MR, and duration of perimetry examination were not altered significantly after alcohol intake. LV showed a significant increase. The duration of anomaloscope testing was shortened significantly under the influence of alcohol. The subjects also revealed a significantly narrower matching range after alcohol intake. In the range of 0.8 g/kg BAC, no blue-yellow vision deficiencies could be demonstrated. In further studies, the effect of higher BAC on blue-yellow vision should be investigated by different methods.

OBJECTIVE: To examine ocular findings of breast cancer patients using tamoxifen.
METHODS: The records of 79 consecutive breast cancer patients were examined, retrospectively. Female patients who had previously been diagnosed to have breast cancer with either stage I, II, or III disease, and were older than 25 years of age were included in the study. Results of the ophthalmic examination, color discrimination, and contrast sensitivity tests were recorded. Short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) sensitivity values were obtained, and average sensitivity values of test points at 5°, 9°, 15°, and 21° from the fixation were calculated.
RESULTS: Forty-nine of the patients had received 20 mg daily dose of tamoxifen therapy (tamoxifen group), while remaining 30 patients had not used tamoxifen (control group). Anterior and posterior segment examination revealed no pathologic findings in both groups. Two patients (5%) in the tamoxifen group had diffuse color loss, while none did in the control group (p = 0.523). Statistically significant differences were not detected between two groups when square roots of total error in color vision, red-green, and blue-yellow partial error scores were compared. Contrast sensitivity values were similar in both groups. Average mean deviation (MD) and average sensitivity values of test points at each 4° were statistically significantly lower in the tamoxifen group than the control group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 for right eye; p = 0.002, p= 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 for left eye). Strong correlation was detected between MD, and duration (r = -0.832 and r = -0.842 for right and left eyes, respectively) and cumulative dose of tamoxifen use (r = -0.864 and r = -0.854 for right and left eyes, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant ocular toxicity is not frequently encountered in breast cancer patients, however, SWAP changes may occur early after tamoxifen utilization.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the two perimetric modalities, SWAP (short wavelength automated perimetry) and SAP (standard automated perimetry), on the point of conversion to glaucoma.
METHODS: In this prospective, longitudinal, follow-up study, 282 patients with ocular hypertension were recruited consecutively and tested with both SAP and SWAP annually for 5 years or until the onset of conversion to glaucoma. SAP and SWAP perimetry was performed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer II using the 24-2 full-threshold test. Abnormality for both SAP and SWAP fields was determined on the pattern deviation plot and defined as either a) one point below the 0.5% probability level or b) a cluster of 2 or more points below 1% or c) a cluster of 3 or more points below 2% or d) a cluster of 4 or more points below 5%. Abnormal tests had to be confirmed on a subsequent test within one year to be classified as conversion.
RESULTS: Of the 282 patients initially recruited, 32 were excluded. Of the 250 remaining patients, a total of 38 converted during the follow-up period; 36.8% of conversions were detected earlier with SWAP, 29% simultaneously, and 34.2% were not detected with SWAP during the follow-up period; 2.4% of patients showed SWAP visual field loss that did not result in conversion during the follow-up period.
CONCLUSIONS: The results in our study are inconclusive. There were patients with earlier, simultaneous, or no SWAP conversion, with SAP conversion as the golden standard criterion. One should consider both SAP and SWAP with confirmation when visual field loss is evident to maximize early detection of glaucoma, because it appears that each method identifies early glaucoma in a subset of patients and these subsets overlap only partially.