所提出的范围审查总结了现有的研究证据,并确定了牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)预防知识的差距。在在线数据库中搜索了1990年至2021年4月有关BRD的已发表文献,包括Medline,CAB文摘,Scopus,生物性,和可搜索的动物会议论文集。使用商业软件以三阶段方法系统地评估引文,并以范围审查格式进行总结。这篇综述共纳入265篇出版物,其中牧群/农场管理(27.9%)是研究的最普遍因素,其次是过敏性反应(24.5%),接种疫苗(24.1%),饮食配方,和营养补充剂(17.7%),动物特征(10.2%),以及不太常见的干预措施和风险因素(6.4%)。在畜群/农场管理下的研究比例很高(73%),过敏性反应(86%),疫苗接种(70%)动物特征(78%),和不太常见的干预措施和危险因素(59%)显示了对降低BRD发病率的显著影响或治疗之间BRD的显著差异。然而,饮食和营养补充仅在30%的研究出版物中减少了BRD。大多数关于BRD的研究都是在饲养场人群中进行的,还需要更多关于牛-小牛种群的研究。我们进一步建议对酵母和微量矿物质补充剂的使用进行荟萃分析,和一氧化氮释放溶液用于预防BRD。
The presented scoping review summarizes the available research evidence and identifies gaps in knowledge for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) prevention. Published literature on BRD from 1990 to April 2021 was searched in online databases, including Medline, CAB Abstracts, Scopus, Biosis, and Searchable Proceedings of Animal Conferences. Citations were systematically evaluated in a three-stage approach using commercial software and summarized in a scoping review format. A total of 265 publications were included in this review with herd/farm management (27.9%) as the most prevalent factors studied, followed by metaphylaxis (24.5%), vaccinations (24.1%), diet formulations, and nutritional supplementations (17.7%), animal characteristics (10.2%), and less common interventions and risk factors (6.4%). A high proportion of studies under herd/farm management (73%), metaphylaxis (86%), vaccinations (70%), animal characteristics (78%), and less common interventions and risk factors (59%) showed either significant effects on reducing BRD morbidity or significant differences of BRD between treatments. However, diet and nutritional supplementations reduced BRD only in 30% of research publications. Most studies on BRD were performed in feedlot populations, and more studies in cow-calf populations are needed. We further suggest meta-analyses on the use of yeast and trace mineral supplementation, and nitric oxide-releasing solution for BRD prevention.