背景:红肉,鱼,尽管进行了多项调查,但加工肉类消费和患胃肠道(GI)癌症的风险仍无定论。因此,我们对观察性研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,以更新现有的科学证据.
方法:我们搜索了PubMed,WebofScience,和Scopus数据库,直到2023年5月20日。我们分析了观察性研究,这些研究检查了红肉和加工肉类以及鱼类消费与胃肠道癌症之间的关联。我们使用χ2和τ2检验评估了研究之间的异质性,以及I2统计数据。我们使用Begg\和Egger\的测试以及修剪和填充分析来探索发表偏倚的可能性。我们使用随机效应模型将总体效应大小报告为比值比(OR),置信区间为95%(CI)。
结果:在确定的21,004项研究中,涉及5,794,219名参与者的95项研究被纳入荟萃分析。大量食用红肉,与低水平相比,被发现显著增加了患食道的风险,胰腺,肝脏,结肠,直肠,和大肠癌。同样,高水平加工肉类的消费,与低水平相比,显著增加胰腺的风险,结肠,直肠,和大肠癌。相比之下,消耗高水平的鱼,与低水平相比,显著降低了结肠的风险,直肠,和大肠癌。
结论:这项荟萃分析提供了有关红肉之间关联的最新证据,加工肉,以及鱼类消费和患五种主要类型的胃肠道癌症的风险。
BACKGROUND: The association between red meat, fish, and processed meat consumption and the risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains inconclusive despite several investigations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to update the existing scientific evidence.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until May 20, 2023. We analyzed observational studies that examined the associations between red and processed meat and fish consumption and GI cancers. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using the χ2 and τ2 tests, as well as I2 statistics. We explored the likelihood of publication bias using Begg\'s and Egger\'s tests and trim-and-fill analysis. We reported the overall effect sizes as odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model.
RESULTS: Of the 21,004 studies identified, 95 studies involving 5,794,219 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The consumption of high levels of red meat, as compared to low levels, was found to significantly increase the risk of developing esophageal, pancreatic, liver, colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers. Similarly, the consumption of high levels of processed meat, as compared to low levels, significantly increased the risk of pancreatic, colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers. In contrast, the consumption of high levels of fish, as compared to low levels, significantly reduced the risk of colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers.
CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides updated evidence on the association between red meat, processed meat, and fish consumption and the risk of developing five major types of GI cancers.