PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Fish stocks have declined rapidly over the past half-century due to the increased demand for seafood and unsustainable fishing practices. The incidental capture of non-target species (bycatch) is a pervasive issue in fisheries management and has led to population declines in non-target species worldwide. The fisheries sector in Guyana currently supports the livelihoods of over 10,000 Guyanese and contributes approximately 2% to the country\'s GDP. Bycatch is believed to be a major threat to Guyana\'s marine fisheries, especially the small-scale sector, due to a lack of management infrastructure and limited data and monitoring. Here, we assessed bycatch in Guyana\'s artisanal gillnet and Chinese seine fisheries through vessel observations and semi-structured interviews with local fishers. Most of the discarded species documented had no commercial importance to the fisheries in Guyana. Although no statistical difference was observed among the bycatch rates in the gillnet and Chinese seine fisheries, the latter generally had more discarded individuals, most of which were juveniles. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index showed a greater diversity of bycatch species in the gillnet fisheries compared to the Chinese seine. Jaccard\'s similarity index indicated a low similarity among the gear types. Even though most fishers were aware of bycatch, they did not view it as a major issue and were not interested in reducing their discards. We recommend a collaborative approach in exploring solutions to ensure the ecological and socioeconomic sustainability of the fisheries sector.
摘要：
在过去的半个世纪中，由于对海产品的需求增加和不可持续的捕鱼方式，鱼类种群迅速减少。附带捕获非目标物种（副渔获物）是渔业管理中普遍存在的问题，并导致全球非目标物种的种群减少。圭亚那的渔业部门目前支持10,000多名圭亚那人的生计，并为该国的GDP贡献了约2％。误捕被认为是圭亚那海洋渔业的主要威胁，特别是小规模部门，由于缺乏管理基础设施以及有限的数据和监控。这里,我们通过船只观察和与当地渔民的半结构化访谈，评估了圭亚那手工刺网和中国围网渔业的副渔获量。记录的大多数废弃物种对圭亚那的渔业没有商业重要性。尽管在刺网和中国围网渔业中的副渔获率之间没有观察到统计学差异，后者通常有更多被丢弃的个体，其中大多数是青少年。Shannon-Weiner多样性指数显示，与中国围网渔业相比，刺网渔业中的副渔获物种具有更大的多样性。Jaccard的相似性指数表明齿轮类型之间的相似性较低。尽管大多数渔民都知道兼捕，他们不认为这是一个重大问题，也没有兴趣减少他们的丢弃。我们建议采用协作方式探索解决方案，以确保渔业部门的生态和社会经济可持续性。
