sécurité

S é curit é
  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    高危药物,这可能是严重不良反应的来源,是医疗机构的主要关注点,特别是对于老年病人,他们经常有多种药物和合并症。为了不断提高护理的质量和安全性,我们已经开始采取积极主动的方法,旨在确定,确保和改善老年病房危险药物的管理。
    High-risk drugs, which are potentially a source of serious adverse reactions, are a major concern in healthcare establishments, particularly for geriatric patients, who often have multiple medications and co-morbid conditions. With a view to continuously improving the quality and safety of care, we have embarked on a proactive approach aimed at identifying, securing and improving the management of medicines at risk in geriatric wards.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    作为他们任务的一部分,消防员面临许多可能影响其健康的风险。对这个健康和安全问题敏感,Seine-et-Marne的部门消防和救援服务已设计并部署了一项健康和安全支持原则。部门消防和救援服务分局的成员是这一过程的主要参与者。对消防员的健康支持的实施主要依靠消防员护士。的确,后者被引导发展,超出了他的护理实践,与健康风险分析以及干预预防和治疗行动部署相关的技能。
    As part of their missions, firefighters are exposed to a multitude of risks that can impact their health. Sensitive to this health and safety issue, the departmental fire and rescue service of Seine-et-Marne has designed and deployed a doctrine of health and safety support in operation. The members of the sub-directorate of the departmental fire and rescue service are the main actors in this process. The implementation of health support for firefighters in response relies mainly on the firefighter nurse. Indeed, the latter is led to develop, beyond his nursing practice, skills related to the analysis of health risks and the deployment of preventive and curative actions on intervention.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景。抓获杆用于支持洗澡任务。有时候,临时边缘安装的扶手杆可能比永久壁挂式扶手杆更受欢迎。目的。我们比较了姿势要求,施加的载荷,和用户对两种配置的轮缘安装的扶手杆之间的感知,垂直壁挂式扶手,和无扶手条件。方法。十个成年人进入和离开模拟的沐浴环境。通过3D运动学评估躯干屈曲,而安装在抓杆上的称重传感器有助于评估施加的载荷。参与者根据感知的安全性对每个条件进行评级,comfort,有效性,和易用性。调查结果。安装在轮辋上的扶手杆导致更大的躯干弯曲和更大的施加载荷,并且不太受欢迎。含义。本研究中包含的轮缘安装的扶手杆可能会引发具有挑战性的姿势需求和装载场景,职业治疗师应该考虑他们是否满足客户的需求。
    Background. Grab bars are used to support bathing tasks. Sometimes, temporary rim-mounted grab bars may be preferred over permanent wall-mounted grab bars. Purpose. We compared postural requirements, applied loads, and user perceptions between two configurations of rim-mounted grab bars, a vertical wall-mounted grab bar, and a no-grab bar condition. Method. Ten adults entered and exited a simulated bathing environment. Trunk flexion was evaluated via 3D kinematics, while load cells mounted to the grab bars facilitated the evaluation of applied loads. Participants rated each condition on perceived safety, comfort, effectiveness, and ease of use. Findings. Rim-mounted grab bars resulted in greater trunk flexion and greater applied loads and were less favorably perceived. Implications. The rim-mounted grab bars included in this study may induce challenging postural demands and loading scenarios, and occupational therapists should consider whether they meet the needs of their clients.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    马萨诸塞州总医院的MarleneFreeman教授对以下问题的回答:“我应该如何给育龄妇女开丙戊酸(治疗精神疾病)?”\"
    Professor Marlene Freeman of Massachusset General Hospital\'s answer to the question \"How should I prescribe valproic acid (for psychiatric disorders) to women of childbearing age?\" is \"Don\'t do it at all.\"
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    背景:身体活动(PA)在护理的连续性中占有一席之地,目的是限制与癌症及其治疗相关的改变。这篇文献综述整理了与肺癌不同治疗时期进行的PA相关的证据和当前数据。
    背景:PA在肺癌患者的肿瘤治疗过程中是安全可行的。关于症状,证明了多模式方案的有效性,锻炼能力,功能能力,术后并发症,住院时间和生活质量。然而,这一结果还有待更有力的即将到来的试验证实,特别是在长期。
    结论:利用活动和能量消耗传感器或PA问卷有助于提高肺癌患者在连续治疗期间的PA水平。对于那些不适应传统训练方式的人,提供间歇性高强度训练或呼吸肌力量训练可能是明智的。还可以实施远程康复。应调查高危人群的目标。
    结论:在肿瘤治疗期间或之后照顾肺癌患者的团队应制定创新策略,以克服获得或坚持锻炼计划的困难。以便PA成为这些患者护理不可或缺的一部分。物理治疗师在评估或治疗期间为这些患者提供支持方面发挥着重要作用。
    BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has its place in the continuum of care, the objective being to limit alterations associated with cancer and its treatments. This review of the literature collates the evidence and current data relating to PA carried out at different periods of treatment for lung cancer.
    BACKGROUND: PA is safe and feasible in patients with lung cancer throughout their oncologic treatment. The efficacy of multimodal programs is demonstrated regarding symptoms, exercise capacity, functional capacity, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay and quality of life. Nevertheless, this result remains to be confirmed with more robust upcoming trial, notably in the long term.
    CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of activity and energy expenditure sensors or PA questionnaires could help to increase the PA level of lung cancer patients during their continuum of care. For those not at ease with conventional training modalities, it may be judicious to offer intermittent high-intensity training or respiratory muscle strength training. Telerehabilitation could also be implemented. The targeting of populations at high risk should be investigated.
    CONCLUSIONS: Teams caring for patients with lung cancer during or after their oncologic treatment should develop innovative strategies designed to overcome difficulties of access or adherence to exercise programs, so that the PA be an integral part of the care of these patients. Physical therapists play an important role in supporting these patients during their assessment or treatment.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    报告和学习是放射治疗质量和安全性的关键组成部分。如果根据国家标准认为每个事件具有重大意义,则必须向国家当局报告。从因果因素分析中获得的经验教训是降低复发风险或进一步事件严重程度的原始方法。感谢国家或国际,强制性或自愿性事件报告系统,和经验反馈,各种学习来源可用于改善风险管理。本文旨在比较有关重大事件强制性声明的规定,并描述可用的国家或国际事件报告和学习系统。
    Reporting and learning are key components of quality and safety in radiotherapy. Each event must be reported to national authorities if considered significant according to national criteria. Lessons learnt from analysis of causal factors are primordial to decrease the risk of reoccurrence or the severity of further events. Thanks to national or international, mandatory or voluntary incidents reporting systems, and experience feedbacks, various sources of learning are available to improve risk management. This article aims to compare the regulations about mandatory declarations of significant events and describe national or international incident reporting and learning systems available.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    放射治疗(RT)是老年乳腺癌患者管理的关键组成部分。然而,老年患者的I级证据有限。患者选择应包括合并症和老年评估。辐射规划和交付方面的进展正在提高目标覆盖率,减少毒性,扩大治疗资格。一些替代技术,如侧卧位或俯卧位治疗,可以降低毒性的风险。低分割全乳房RT的较短周期是安全有效的。在某些情况下,部分乳房照射可能是一种选择。
    Radiation therapy (RT) is a key component of the management of elderly breast cancer patients. However, level I evidence in elderly patients is limited. Patient selection should include comorbidities and geriatric assessment. Advances in radiation planning and delivery are improving target coverage, reducing toxicity, and expanding treatment eligibility. Some alternative techniques, such as treatment in the lateral or prone position, may reduce the risk of toxicity. Shorter cycles of hypofractionated whole breast RT are safe and effective. In some cases, partial breast irradiation may be an option.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    老年护理团队特别投资于尽可能保护老年患者的睡眠。夜间团队实施的一些具体护理可以对此做出贡献。在格勒诺布尔大学医院(38)的老年服务中,护理经理,护士和护士的助手组织他们的行动,以保持病人的休息。
    The geriatric care teams are particularly invested in preserving the sleep of elderly patients as much as possible. Some specific cares implemented by the night teams can contribute to this. In a geriatric service at the Grenoble University Hospital (38), care manager, nurses and nurse\'s aides organize theirs actions in order to preserve patients\' rest.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    夜间工作对护士来说有不同的方面,从监管机构,个人,生理,集体和组织的观点。通过考虑这些不同的因素,能够依靠使夜间工作可以承受的资源是很重要的。个人的探索,在大学医院观察到的gempal和组织变异性,并提出促进夜班管理,同时保持任务和生理节奏的兴趣。
    Night work takes on different aspects for nurses, from a regulatory, individual, physiological, collective and organizational point of view. It is important to be able to rely on the resources that make night work bearable by taking these different elements into account. Exploration of the personal, groupal and organizational variability observed in a university hospital and propositions to facilitate the management of night work while preserving the interest of the tasks and physiological rhythms.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    为了减轻非热适应工人的核心温度过度升高(>1°C),美国政府工业卫生学家会议(ACGIH)提供了热应力极限(动作极限值;ALV),由湿球温度(WBGT)和工人的代谢率定义。然而,因为这些限制是基于男性的数据,它们是否适合女性尚不清楚。因此,我们评估了18-45岁男性(n=19;体表面积与质量之比:250(SD17)cm2/kg)和女性(n=15;体表面积与质量之比:268(SD24)cm2/kg)的核心温度和心率。性别没有显著影响(I)核心温度的上升,不管WBGT,(ii)在低于ACGIH极限的环境中,核心温度升高>1°C的参与者比例,和(iii)在超过ACGIH极限的环境中,核心温度上升超过1°C或自愿终止之前的工作持续时间。虽然还需要进一步的研究,这些发现表明,为了减轻核心温度超过建议限值(>1°C)的上升,ACGIH指南在中等强度工作中对非热适应环境的男性和女性具有相当的有效性。新颖性:性别不会明显影响热应变,也不会影响核心温度超过推荐限值的参与者比例。性别没有显着影响对不可补偿的热应激的耐受性。尽管仅来自男性的数据,目前的职业热应激指导在男性和女性中提供了相当的有效性。
    To mitigate excessive rises in core temperature (>1 °C) in non-heat acclimatized workers, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) provides heat stress limits (Action Limit Values; ALV), defined by the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and a worker\'s metabolic rate. However, since these limits are based on data from men, their suitability for women remains unclear. We therefore assessed core temperature and heart rate in men (n = 19; body surface area-to-mass ratio: 250 (SD 17) cm2/kg) and women (n = 15; body surface area-to-mass ratio: 268 (SD 24) cm2/kg) aged 18-45 years during 180 min of walking at a moderate metabolic rate (200 W/m2) in WBGTs below (16 and 24 °C) and above (28 and 32 °C) ACGIH ALV. Sex did not significantly influence (i) rises in core temperature, irrespective of WBGT, (ii) the proportion of participants with rises in core temperature >1 °C in environments below ACGIH limits, and (iii) work duration before rises in core temperature exceeded 1 °C or volitional termination in environments above ACGIH limits. Although further studies are needed, these findings indicate that for the purpose of mitigating rises in core temperature exceeding recommended limits (>1 °C), ACGIH guidelines have comparable effectiveness in non-heat acclimatized men and women during moderate-intensity work. Novelty: Sex did not appreciably influence thermal strain nor the proportion of participants with core temperatures exceeding recommended limits. Sex did not significantly influence tolerance to uncompensable heat stress. Despite originating from data obtained in only men, current occupational heat stress guidance offered comparable effectiveness in men and women.
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