如何选择饮食的知识,膳食补充剂,和采食量影响反刍动物营养和生理维持反刍动物健康的分子机制,是必须实现的。在本次审查中,我们关注microRNAs在反刍动物健康和疾病中的作用;此外,我们讨论了循环microRNAs作为反刍动物疾病生物标志物的潜力,以及检测它们的技术状况,还考虑到生物标志物开发从实验室向临床实践过渡的主要困难。MicroRNAs是一类取之不尽的内源性非蛋白质编码小RNA,18至25个核苷酸,靶向基因的3'非翻译(UTR)或编码区,确保基因表达的严格转录后控制调节。新的“组学”技术的发展促进了营养与基因关系的新视角,结合更广泛的分子遗传学数据,动物营养,和兽医科学。MicroRNAs可能是代谢过程的重要调节因子,并可能在营养和基因调控之间呈现中间阶段。受饮食控制。生物标志物的开发具有通过更快的疾病检测来彻底改变兽医实践的潜力,更准确的反刍动物健康监测,增强福利,和提高生产力。最后,我们总结了关于microRNAs如何作为生物标志物发挥作用的最新发现,技术范式如何重塑这一研究领域,以及如何使用平台来识别新型生物标志物。许多研究已经证明循环microRNAs和反刍动物疾病如乳腺炎之间的联系。结核病,口蹄疫,筋膜病,和代谢紊乱。因此,少量microRNA的鉴定和分析可以提供关于疾病阶段的关键信息,病因学,和预后。
The knowledge of how diet choices, dietary supplements, and feed intake influence molecular mechanisms in ruminant nutrition and physiology to maintain ruminant health, is essential to attain. In the present review, we focus on the role of microRNAs in ruminant health and disease; additionally, we discuss the potential of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of disease in ruminants and the state of technology for their detection, also considering the major difficulties in the transition of biomarker development from bench to clinical practice. MicroRNAs are an inexhaustible class of endogenous non-protein coding small RNAs of 18 to 25 nucleotides that target either the 3\' untranslated (UTR) or coding region of genes, ensuring a tight post-transcriptionally controlled regulation of gene expression. The development of new \"omics\" technologies facilitated a fresh perspective on the nutrition-to-gene relationship, incorporating more extensive data from molecular genetics, animal nutrition, and veterinary sciences. MicroRNAs might serve as important regulators of metabolic processes and may present the inter-phase between nutrition and gene regulation, controlled by the diet. The development of biomarkers holds the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice through faster disease detection, more accurate ruminant health monitoring, enhanced welfare, and increased productivity. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on how microRNAs function as biomarkers, how technological paradigms are reshaping this field of research, and how platforms are being used to identify novel biomarkers. Numerous studies have demonstrated a connection between circulating microRNAs and ruminant diseases such as mastitis, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, fasciolosis, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the identification and analysis of a small number of microRNAs can provide crucial information about the stage of a disease, etiology, and prognosis.