背景:护士越来越需要以更少的资源达到黄金护理标准。因此,有效地应对日常工作生活中遇到的压力至关重要。这项研究基于需求资源和个人效果(DRIVE)护士模型,并采用了以人为中心的方法,其目标有两个:1。确定护士为应对压力而采用的应对策略模式(以问题为中心;寻求建议;自责;一意孤行;逃避/回避);2.探索感知需求(努力)的潜在差异,资源(奖励,作业控制,社会支持),和精神病理学症状(焦虑,恐惧-焦虑,强迫症,躯体化,抑郁症,人际关系敏感,敌意,精神病,偏执的想法)根据出现的模式。
方法:本横断面研究采用STROBE检查表进行报告。总的来说,265名护理专业人员完成了自我报告措施。采用非分层k均值聚类分析来得出应对模式。MANOVA被用来测试需求的差异,资源,和精神病理症状根据出现的模式。
结果:确定了三种稳定且有意义的应对方式,并将其标记为主动/面向解决方案,失调/情绪集中,和被动/脱离。与属于主动/面向解决方案组的护士相比,属于失调/以情绪为中心组的护士出现了更高的风险(更高的努力/精神病理学痛苦;更低的资源)-其次是被动/脱离组。
结论:培养护士对其潜在应对方式的认识,并支持积极的方法/情绪调节策略进行压力管理,应成为定义干预措施促进护士在医疗环境内/外健康的关键目标。
BACKGROUND: Nurses are increasingly demanded to achieve gold-standards of care with fewer
resources. Dealing effectively with stress experienced in their daily-work-life is thus crucial. This study is based on the Demands-
Resources-and-Individual-Effects (DRIVE) Nurses Model and applied the person-centred approach with a twofold objective: 1. to identify patterns of coping strategies (Problem-Focused; Seek-Advice; Self-Blame; Wishful-Thinking; Escape/Avoidance) adopted by nurses to deal with perceived stress; 2. to explore potential differences in perceived Demands (Effort),
Resources (Rewards, Job-Control, Social-Support), and Psychopathological Symptoms (Anxiety, Phobic-Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, Somatization, Depression, Interpersonal-Sensitivity, Hostility, Psychoticism, Paranoid-Ideation) according to the emerged patterns.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was reported by using the STROBE Checklist. Overall, 265 nursing professionals completed self-report measures. Non-hierarchical k-means-cluster-analysis was employed to derive patterns of coping. MANOVAs were used to test differences in Demands,
Resources, and Psychopathological Symptoms according to the emerged patterns.
RESULTS: Three stable and meaningful patterns of coping were identified and labelled as Active/Solution-Oriented, Dysregulated/Emotion-focused, and Passive/Disengaged. Nurses belonging to Dysregulated/Emotion-focused group emerged to be at higher risk (higher effort/psychopathological suffering; lower
resources) - followed by Passive/Disengaged group - in comparison with nurses belonging to Active/Solution-Oriented group.
CONCLUSIONS: Fostering nurses\' awareness of their latent coping patterns and supporting active approaches/emotional regulation strategies for stress management should represent a key goal when defining interventions promoting nurses\' health within/beyond the healthcare settings.