与一些低摩尔质量的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)相比,它们被公认是有毒的,持久性,生物蓄积性,和移动,含氟聚合物(FPs)不溶于水,安全,生物惰性,和耐用。这些利基高性能聚合物在其推荐的使用条件下满足13个低关注聚合物(PLC)标准。此外,最近的创新(例如,重点介绍了非氟化表面活性剂在含氟烯烃的水性自由基(共)聚合中的用途)。这篇综述还旨在展示这些具有出色性能的特种聚合物是必不可少的(甚至是不可替代的,因为在类似条件下使用的碳氢化合物聚合物替代品失败)对我们的日常生活(电子产品,能源,光学,物联网,交通运输,等。),并构成一个特殊的家庭,与地球及其海洋上随处可见的其他“常规”C1-C10PFAS分开。此外,一些关于它们回收的信息报告(例如,聚四氟乙烯的解聚,PTFE,进入TFE),报废FPs,和他们的风险评估,循环经济,和法规。各种研究致力于涉及FP的环境,尽管与所有塑料(4.6亿吨)相比,它们的利基体积(年产量为330,300吨)。补充对PFAS的其他审查,缺乏上述数据,这篇综述提出了主要FP生产商所证明的基本策略和应用策略。
In contrast to some low-molar-mass per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which are well established to be toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative, and mobile, fluoropolymers (FPs) are water-insoluble, safe, bioinert, and durable. These niche high-performance polymers fulfil the 13 polymer-of-low-concern (PLC) criteria in their recommended conditions of use. In addition, more recent innovations (e.g., the use of non-fluorinated surfactants in aqueous radical (co)polymerization of fluoroalkenes) from industrial manufacturers of FPs are highlighted. This review also aims to show how these specialty polymers endowed with outstanding properties are essential (even irreplaceable, since hydrocarbon polymer alternatives used in similar conditions fail) for our daily life (electronics, energy, optics, internet of things, transportation, etc.) and constitute a special family separate from other \"conventional\" C1-C10 PFASs found everywhere on Earth and its oceans. Furthermore, some information reports on their recycling (e.g., the unzipping depolymerization of polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, into TFE), end-of-life FPs, and their risk assessment, circular economy, and regulations. Various studies are devoted to environments involving FPs, though they present a niche volume (with a yearly production of 330,300 t) compared to all plastics (with 460 million t). Complementary to other reviews on PFASs, which lack of such above data, this review presents both fundamental and applied strategies as evidenced by major FP producers.