疲劳会对人类的身心健康造成有害影响,并可能导致生命损失。因此,疲劳对个人和社会的不利影响是巨大的。随着现代军事和体育人员过度训练的频率越来越高,及时,便携式和准确的疲劳诊断对于避免疲劳引起的事故至关重要。然而,传统的检测方法需要复杂的样品制备和血液采样过程,不能满足疲劳诊断的时效性和可移植性。随着柔性材料和生物传感技术的发展,可穿戴生物传感器吸引了越来越多的研究人员的关注。可穿戴生物传感器从非侵入性生物流体中收集生物标志物,比如汗水,唾液,和眼泪,其次是在生物传感模块的帮助下连续定量地进行生物传感。然后可以通过无线通信模块发送检测信号,该无线通信模块构成用于实时了解异常的方法。可穿戴生物传感器的最新发展集中在用于代谢物检测的小型化可穿戴电化学和光学生物传感器上,其中,很少有人在医学诊断中表现出令人满意的结果。然而,检测性能限制了可穿戴疲劳诊断的广泛适用性。在这篇文章中,讨论了可穿戴式生物传感器在疲劳诊断中的应用。事实上,对不同生物流体的成分及其对疲劳诊断的潜力的探索已经在这里进行了首次讨论。此外,关于可穿戴疲劳生物传感器的当前瓶颈以及生化反应和数据通信模块的最新进展的讨论已经并入本文。最后,讨论了未来可穿戴疲劳诊断的主要挑战和机遇。
Fatigue causes deleterious effects to physical and mental health of human being and may cause loss of lives. Therefore, the adverse effects of fatigue on individuals and the society are massive. With the ever-increasing frequency of overtraining among modern military and sports personnel, timely, portable and accurate fatigue diagnosis is essential to avoid fatigue-induced accidents. However, traditional detection methods require complex sample preparation and blood sampling processes, which cannot meet the timeliness and portability of fatigue diagnosis. With the development of flexible materials and biosensing technology, wearable biosensors have attracted increased attention to the researchers. Wearable biosensors collect biomarkers from noninvasive biofluids, such as sweat, saliva, and tears, followed by biosensing with the help of biosensing modules continuously and quantitatively. The detection signal can then be transmitted through wireless communication modules that constitute a method for real-time understanding of abnormality. Recent developments of wearable biosensors are focused on miniaturized wearable electrochemistry and optical biosensors for metabolites detection, of which, few have exhibited satisfactory results in medical diagnosis. However, detection performance limits the wide-range applicability of wearable fatigue diagnosis. In this article, the application of wearable biosensors in fatigue diagnosis has been discussed. In fact, exploration of the composition of different biofluids and their potential toward fatigue diagnosis have been discussed here for the very first time. Moreover, discussions regarding the current bottlenecks in wearable fatigue biosensors and the latest advancements in biochemical reaction and data communication modules have been incorporated herein. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities were discussed for wearable fatigue diagnosis in the future.